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This commit is contained in:
Bruce Eckel 2015-05-05 11:20:13 -07:00
parent e413ad9a83
commit d5cf2b7364
542 changed files with 6909 additions and 595 deletions
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40
Copyright.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
This computer source code is Copyright (c)2006 MindView, Inc.
//: Copyright.txt
This computer source code is Copyright 2015 MindView LLC
All Rights Reserved.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
@ -20,47 +21,54 @@ Java" is cited as the origin.
3. Permission to incorporate the Source Code into printed
media may be obtained by contacting:
MindView, Inc. 5343 Valle Vista La Mesa, California 91941
Wayne@MindView.net
MindView LLC, PO Box 969, Crested Butte, CO 81224
MindViewInc@gmail.com
4. The Source Code and documentation are copyrighted by
MindView, Inc. The Source code is provided without express
MindView LLC. The Source code is provided without express
or implied warranty of any kind, including any implied
warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular
purpose or non-infringement. MindView, Inc. does not
warrant that the operation of any program that includes the Source Code will be uninterrupted or error-free. MindView,
Inc. makes no representation about the suitability of the
purpose or non-infringement. MindView LLC does not
warrant that the operation of any program that includes the
Source Code will be uninterrupted or error-free. MindView
LLC makes no representation about the suitability of the
Source Code or of any software that includes the Source
Code for any purpose. The entire risk as to the quality
and performance of any program that includes the Source
Code is with the user of the Source Code. The user
understands that the Source Code was developed for research and instructional purposes and is advised not to rely
understands that the Source Code was developed for research
and instructional purposes and is advised not to rely
exclusively for any reason on the Source Code or any
program that includes the Source Code. Should the Source
Code or any resulting software prove defective, the user
assumes the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or
correction.
5. IN NO EVENT SHALL MINDVIEW, INC., OR ITS PUBLISHER BE
5. IN NO EVENT SHALL MINDVIEW LLC, OR ITS PUBLISHER BE
LIABLE TO ANY PARTY UNDER ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF
BUSINESS INFORMATION, OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS, OR FOR
PERSONAL INJURIES, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOURCE
CODE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ARISING OUT OF THE INABILITY TO USE ANY RESULTING PROGRAM, EVEN IF MINDVIEW, INC., OR
CODE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ARISING OUT OF THE INABILITY
TO USE ANY RESULTING PROGRAM, EVEN IF MINDVIEW LLC, OR
ITS PUBLISHER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE. MINDVIEW, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
DAMAGE. MINDVIEW LLC SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE SOURCE CODE AND DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED
HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT ANY ACCOMPANYING
SERVICES FROM MINDVIEW, INC., AND MINDVIEW, INC. HAS NO
SERVICES FROM MINDVIEW LLC, AND MINDVIEW LLC HAS NO
OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
Please note that MindView, Inc. maintains a Web site which
is the sole distribution point for electronic copies of the Source Code, http://www.MindView.net (and official mirror
sites), where it is freely available under the terms stated above.
Please note that MindView LLC maintains a Web site which
is the sole distribution point for electronic copies of the
Source Code, http://www.MindView.net (and official mirror
sites), where it is freely available under the terms stated
above.
If you think you've found an error in the Source Code,
please submit a correction using the feedback system that you will find at http://www.MindView.net.
please submit a correction using the feedback system that
you will find at http://www.MindView.net.
///:~

24
access/build.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project default="run">
<property name="chapter" value="access"/>
<property name="excludedfiles" value=""/>
<import file="../Ant-Common.xml"/>
<target name="run" description="Compile and run" depends="build">
<touch file="failures"/>
<jrun cls="Cake" />
<jrun cls="ChocolateChip" />
<jrun cls="ChocolateChip2" />
<jrun cls="Dinner" />
<jrun cls="FullQualification" />
<jrun cls="IceCream" />
<jrun cls="ImportedMyClass" />
<jrun cls="LibTest" />
<jrun cls="PrintTest" />
<jrun cls="QualifiedMyClass" />
<jrun cls="SingleImport" />
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
</project>

2
annotations/AtUnitExample4.java
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class AtUnitExample4 {
public AtUnitExample4(String word) { this.word = word; }
public String getWord() { return word; }
public String scrambleWord() {
List<Character> chars = new ArrayList<Character>();
List<Character> chars = new ArrayList<>();
for(Character c : word.toCharArray())
chars.add(c);
Collections.shuffle(chars, rand);

1
annotations/AtUnitExample5.java
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@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import net.mindview.util.*;
public class AtUnitExample5 {
private String text;
public AtUnitExample5(String text) { this.text = text; }
@Override
public String toString() { return text; }
@TestProperty static PrintWriter output;
@TestProperty static int counter;

2
annotations/HashSetTest.java
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import net.mindview.atunit.*;
import net.mindview.util.*;
public class HashSetTest {
HashSet<String> testObject = new HashSet<String>();
HashSet<String> testObject = new HashSet<>();
@Test void initialization() {
assert testObject.isEmpty();
}

2
annotations/InterfaceExtractorProcessor.java
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class InterfaceExtractorProcessor
implements AnnotationProcessor {
private final AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env;
private ArrayList<MethodDeclaration> interfaceMethods =
new ArrayList<MethodDeclaration>();
new ArrayList<>();
public InterfaceExtractorProcessor(
AnnotationProcessorEnvironment env) { this.env = env; }
public void process() {

2
annotations/StackL.java
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ package annotations;
import java.util.*;
public class StackL<T> {
private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<T>();
private LinkedList<T> list = new LinkedList<>();
public void push(T v) { list.addFirst(v); }
public T top() { return list.getFirst(); }
public T pop() { return list.removeFirst(); }

2
annotations/UseCaseTracker.java
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public class UseCaseTracker {
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> useCases = new ArrayList<Integer>();
List<Integer> useCases = new ArrayList<>();
Collections.addAll(useCases, 47, 48, 49, 50);
trackUseCases(useCases, PasswordUtils.class);
}

25
annotations/build.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project default="run">
<property name="chapter" value="annotations"/>
<property name="excludedfiles" value="InterfaceExtractorProcessor.java InterfaceExtractorProcessorFactory.java database/TableCreationProcessorFactory.java"/>
<import file="../Ant-Common.xml"/>
<target name="run" description="Compile and run" depends="build">
<touch file="failures"/>
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitComposition" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExample1" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExample2" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExample3" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExample4" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExample5" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.AtUnitExternalTest" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.HashSetTest" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.Multiplier" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="annotations.StackLStringTest" dirpath="../annotations" />
<jrun cls="UseCaseTracker" />
<jrun cls="annotations.database.TableCreator" dirpath="../annotations/database" arguments='annotations.database.Member' />
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
</project>

1
annotations/database/Member.java
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@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ public class Member {
public String getHandle() { return handle; }
public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
@Override
public String toString() { return handle; }
public Integer getAge() { return age; }
} ///:~

2
annotations/database/TableCreator.java
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class TableCreator {
// If the name is empty, use the Class name:
if(tableName.length() < 1)
tableName = cl.getName().toUpperCase();
List<String> columnDefs = new ArrayList<String>();
List<String> columnDefs = new ArrayList<>();
for(Field field : cl.getDeclaredFields()) {
String columnName = null;
Annotation[] anns = field.getDeclaredAnnotations();

6
arrays/ArrayOfGenerics.java
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@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ public class ArrayOfGenerics {
List<String>[] ls;
List[] la = new List[10];
ls = (List<String>[])la; // "Unchecked" warning
ls[0] = new ArrayList<String>();
ls[0] = new ArrayList<>();
// Compile-time checking produces an error:
//! ls[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// The problem: List<String> is a subtype of Object
Object[] objects = ls; // So assignment is OK
// Compiles and runs without complaint:
objects[1] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
objects[1] = new ArrayList<>();
// However, if your needs are straightforward it is
// possible to create an array of generics, albeit
@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ public class ArrayOfGenerics {
List<BerylliumSphere>[] spheres =
(List<BerylliumSphere>[])new List[10];
for(int i = 0; i < spheres.length; i++)
spheres[i] = new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
spheres[i] = new ArrayList<>();
}
} ///:~

3
arrays/CompType.java
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@ -12,18 +12,21 @@ public class CompType implements Comparable<CompType> {
i = n1;
j = n2;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String result = "[i = " + i + ", j = " + j + "]";
if(count++ % 3 == 0)
result += "\n";
return result;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(CompType rv) {
return (i < rv.i ? -1 : (i == rv.i ? 0 : 1));
}
private static Random r = new Random(47);
public static Generator<CompType> generator() {
return new Generator<CompType>() {
@Override
public CompType next() {
return new CompType(r.nextInt(100),r.nextInt(100));
}

6
arrays/ContainerComparison.java
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@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class BerylliumSphere {
private static long counter;
private final long id = counter++;
@Override
public String toString() { return "Sphere " + id; }
}
@ -16,8 +17,7 @@ public class ContainerComparison {
print(Arrays.toString(spheres));
print(spheres[4]);
List<BerylliumSphere> sphereList =
new ArrayList<BerylliumSphere>();
List<BerylliumSphere> sphereList= new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
sphereList.add(new BerylliumSphere());
print(sphereList);
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public class ContainerComparison {
print(Arrays.toString(integers));
print(integers[4]);
List<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<Integer>(
List<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<>(
Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
intList.add(97);
print(intList);

23
arrays/PythonLists.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
#: arrays/PythonLists.py
aList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(type(aList)) # <type 'list'>
print(aList) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(aList[4]) # 5 Basic list indexing
aList.append(6) # lists can be resized
aList += [7, 8] # Add a list to a list
print(aList) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
aSlice = aList[2:4]
print(aSlice) # [3, 4]
class MyList(list): # Inherit from list
# Define a method, 'this' pointer is explicit:
def getReversed(self):
reversed = self[:] # Copy list using slices
reversed.reverse() # Built-in list method
return reversed
list2 = MyList(aList) # No 'new' needed for object creation
print(type(list2)) # <class '__main__.MyList'>
print(list2.getReversed()) # [8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
#:~

39
arrays/build.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project default="run">
<property name="chapter" value="arrays"/>
<property name="excludedfiles" value=""/>
<import file="../Ant-Common.xml"/>
<target name="run" description="Compile and run" depends="build">
<touch file="failures"/>
<jrun cls="AlphabeticSearch" />
<jrun cls="ArrayOfGenerics" />
<jrun cls="ArrayOptions" />
<jrun cls="ArraySearching" />
<jrun cls="AssemblingMultidimensionalArrays" />
<jrun cls="AutoboxingArrays" />
<jrun cls="ComparatorTest" />
<jrun cls="ComparingArrays" />
<jrun cls="CompType" />
<jrun cls="ContainerComparison" />
<jrun cls="CopyingArrays" />
<jrun cls="FillingArrays" />
<jrun cls="GeneratorsTest" />
<jrun cls="IceCream" />
<jrun cls="MultidimensionalObjectArrays" />
<jrun cls="MultidimensionalPrimitiveArray" />
<jrun cls="MultiDimWrapperArray" />
<jrun cls="ParameterizedArrayType" />
<jrun cls="PrimitiveConversionDemonstration" />
<jrun cls="RaggedArray" />
<jrun cls="RandomGeneratorsTest" />
<jrun cls="Reverse" />
<jrun cls="StringSorting" />
<jrun cls="TestArrayGeneration" />
<jrun cls="TestGenerated" />
<jrun cls="ThreeDWithNew" />
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
</project>

11
assertions/Assert1.java Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
//: assertions/Assert1.java
// Non-informative style of assert
// Compile with: javac -source 1.4 Assert1.java
// {JVMArgs: -ea} // Must run with -ea
// {ThrowsException}
public class Assert1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert false;
}
} ///:~

10
assertions/Assert2.java Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
//: assertions/Assert2.java
// Assert with an informative message
// {JVMArgs: -ea}
// {ThrowsException}
public class Assert2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert false: "Here's a message saying what happened";
}
} ///:~

18
assertions/LoaderAssertions.java Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
//: assertions/LoaderAssertions.java
// Using the class loader to enable assertions
// Compile with: javac -source 1.4 LoaderAssertions.java
// {ThrowsException}
public class LoaderAssertions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
.setDefaultAssertionStatus(true);
new Loaded().go();
}
}
class Loaded {
public void go() {
assert false: "Loaded.go()";
}
} ///:~

172
assertions/Queue.java Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
//: assertions/Queue.java
// Demonstration of Design by Contract (DBC) combined
// with white-box unit testing.
// {Depends: junit.jar}
import junit.framework.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Queue {
private Object[] data;
private int
in = 0, // Next available storage space
out = 0; // Next gettable object
// Has it wrapped around the circular queue?
private boolean wrapped = false;
public static class
QueueException extends RuntimeException {
public QueueException(String why) { super(why); }
}
public Queue(int size) {
data = new Object[size];
assert invariant(); // Must be true after construction
}
public boolean empty() {
return !wrapped && in == out;
}
public boolean full() {
return wrapped && in == out;
}
public void put(Object item) {
precondition(item != null, "put() null item");
precondition(!full(), "put() into full Queue");
assert invariant();
data[in++] = item;
if(in >= data.length) {
in = 0;
wrapped = true;
}
assert invariant();
}
public Object get() {
precondition(!empty(), "get() from empty Queue");
assert invariant();
Object returnVal = data[out];
data[out] = null;
out++;
if(out >= data.length) {
out = 0;
wrapped = false;
}
assert postcondition(
returnVal != null, "Null item in Queue");
assert invariant();
return returnVal;
}
// Design-by-contract support methods:
private static void
precondition(boolean cond, String msg) {
if(!cond) throw new QueueException(msg);
}
private static boolean
postcondition(boolean cond, String msg) {
if(!cond) throw new QueueException(msg);
return true;
}
private boolean invariant() {
// Guarantee that no null values are in the
// region of 'data' that holds objects:
for(int i = out; i != in; i = (i + 1) % data.length)
if(data[i] == null)
throw new QueueException("null in queue");
// Guarantee that only null values are outside the
// region of 'data' that holds objects:
if(full()) return true;
for(int i = in; i != out; i = (i + 1) % data.length)
if(data[i] != null)
throw new QueueException(
"non-null outside of queue range: " + dump());
return true;
}
private String dump() {
return "in = " + in +
", out = " + out +
", full() = " + full() +
", empty() = " + empty() +
", queue = " + Arrays.asList(data);
}
// JUnit testing.
// As an inner class, this has access to privates:
public static class WhiteBoxTest extends TestCase {
private Queue queue = new Queue(10);
private int i = 0;
public WhiteBoxTest(String name) {
super(name);
while(i < 5) // Preload with some data
queue.put("" + i++);
}
// Support methods:
private void showFullness() {
assertTrue(queue.full());
assertFalse(queue.empty());
// Dump is private, white-box testing allows access:
System.out.println(queue.dump());
}
private void showEmptiness() {
assertFalse(queue.full());
assertTrue(queue.empty());
System.out.println(queue.dump());
}
public void testFull() {
System.out.println("testFull");
System.out.println(queue.dump());
System.out.println(queue.get());
System.out.println(queue.get());
while(!queue.full())
queue.put("" + i++);
String msg = "";
try {
queue.put("");
} catch(QueueException e) {
msg = e.getMessage();
System.out.println(msg);
}
assertEquals(msg, "put() into full Queue");
showFullness();
}
public void testEmpty() {
System.out.println("testEmpty");
while(!queue.empty())
System.out.println(queue.get());
String msg = "";
try {
queue.get();
} catch(QueueException e) {
msg = e.getMessage();
System.out.println(msg);
}
assertEquals(msg, "get() from empty Queue");
showEmptiness();
}
public void testNullPut() {
System.out.println("testNullPut");
String msg = "";
try {
queue.put(null);
} catch(QueueException e) {
msg = e.getMessage();
System.out.println(msg);
}
assertEquals(msg, "put() null item");
}
public void testCircularity() {
System.out.println("testCircularity");
while(!queue.full())
queue.put("" + i++);
showFullness();
// White-box testing accesses private field:
assertTrue(queue.wrapped);
while(!queue.empty())
System.out.println(queue.get());
showEmptiness();
while(!queue.full())
queue.put("" + i++);
showFullness();
while(!queue.empty())
System.out.println(queue.get());
showEmptiness();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Queue.WhiteBoxTest.class);
}
} ///:~

17
assertions/build.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project default="run">
<property name="chapter" value="assertions"/>
<property name="excludedfiles" value=""/>
<import file="../Ant-Common.xml"/>
<target name="run" description="Compile and run" depends="build">
<touch file="failures"/>
<jrun cls="Assert1" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="Assert2" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="LoaderAssertions" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="Queue" />
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
</project>

4
concurrency/ActiveObjectDemo.java
View File

@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
public Future<Integer>
calculateInt(final int x, final int y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(500);
@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
public Future<Float>
calculateFloat(final float x, final float y) {
return ex.submit(new Callable<Float>() {
@Override
public Float call() {
print("starting " + x + " + " + y);
pause(2000);
@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ public class ActiveObjectDemo {
ActiveObjectDemo d1 = new ActiveObjectDemo();
// Prevents ConcurrentModificationException:
List<Future<?>> results =
new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Future<?>>();
new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
for(float f = 0.0f; f < 1.0f; f += 0.2f)
results.add(d1.calculateFloat(f, f));
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

3
concurrency/AtomicEvenGenerator.java
View File

@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
//: concurrency/AtomicEvenGenerator.java
// Atomic classes are occasionally useful in regular code.
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;
public class AtomicEvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private AtomicInteger currentEvenValue =
new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public int next() {
return currentEvenValue.addAndGet(2);
}

2
concurrency/AtomicIntegerTest.java
View File

@ -7,12 +7,14 @@ public class AtomicIntegerTest implements Runnable {
private AtomicInteger i = new AtomicInteger(0);
public int getValue() { return i.get(); }
private void evenIncrement() { i.addAndGet(2); }
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
evenIncrement();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.err.println("Aborting");
System.exit(0);

1
concurrency/AtomicityTest.java
View File

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ public class AtomicityTest implements Runnable {
private int i = 0;
public int getValue() { return i; }
private synchronized void evenIncrement() { i++; i++; }
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
evenIncrement();

1
concurrency/AttemptLocking.java
View File

@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ public class AttemptLocking {
// Now create a separate task to grab the lock:
new Thread() {
{ setDaemon(true); }
@Override
public void run() {
al.lock.lock();
System.out.println("acquired");

8
concurrency/BankTellerSimulation.java
View File

@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ class CustomerLine extends ArrayBlockingQueue<Customer> {
public CustomerLine(int maxLineSize) {
super(maxLineSize);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
if(this.size() == 0)
return "[Empty]";
@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ class CustomerGenerator implements Runnable {
public CustomerGenerator(CustomerLine cq) {
customers = cq;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -96,9 +98,9 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
private ExecutorService exec;
private CustomerLine customers;
private PriorityQueue<Teller> workingTellers =
new PriorityQueue<Teller>();
new PriorityQueue<>();
private Queue<Teller> tellersDoingOtherThings =
new LinkedList<Teller>();
new LinkedList<>();
private int adjustmentPeriod;
public TellerManager(ExecutorService e,
@ -146,6 +148,7 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
teller.doSomethingElse();
tellersDoingOtherThings.offer(teller);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -161,6 +164,7 @@ class TellerManager implements Runnable {
}
System.out.println(this + "terminating");
}
@Override
public String toString() { return "TellerManager "; }
}

4
concurrency/CallableDemo.java
View File

@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ class TaskWithResult implements Callable<String> {
public TaskWithResult(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String call() {
return "result of TaskWithResult " + id;
}
@ -15,8 +16,7 @@ class TaskWithResult implements Callable<String> {
public class CallableDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
ArrayList<Future<String>> results =
new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
ArrayList<Future<String>> results = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
results.add(exec.submit(new TaskWithResult(i)));
for(Future<String> fs : results)

5
concurrency/CaptureUncaughtException.java
View File

@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
//: concurrency/CaptureUncaughtException.java
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class ExceptionThread2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println("run() by " + t);
@ -14,12 +15,14 @@ class ExceptionThread2 implements Runnable {
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements
Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("caught " + e);
}
}
class HandlerThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
System.out.println(this + " creating new Thread");
Thread t = new Thread(r);

5
concurrency/CarBuilder.java
View File

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class ChassisBuilder implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
private int counter = 0;
public ChassisBuilder(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ class Assembler implements Runnable {
}
public Car car() { return car; }
public CyclicBarrier barrier() { return barrier; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -85,6 +87,7 @@ class Assembler implements Runnable {
class Reporter implements Runnable {
private CarQueue carQueue;
public Reporter(CarQueue cq) { carQueue = cq; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ class WheelRobot extends Robot {
class RobotPool {
// Quietly prevents identical entries:
private Set<Robot> pool = new HashSet<Robot>();
private Set<Robot> pool = new HashSet<>();
public synchronized void add(Robot r) {
pool.add(r);
notifyAll();

2
concurrency/CloseResource.java
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
//: concurrency/CloseResource.java
// Interrupting a blocked task by
// closing the underlying resource.
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.io.*;

4
concurrency/CountDownLatchDemo.java
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
print(this + "completed");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d ", id);
}
@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
print(this + " interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d ", id);
}

11
concurrency/CriticalSection.java
View File

@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
//: concurrency/CriticalSection.java
// {RunByHand} (Behavior may have changed in Java 8).
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
// (Behavior may have changed in Java 8).
// Synchronizing blocks instead of entire methods. Also
// demonstrates protection of a non-thread-safe class
// with a thread-safe one.
@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ class Pair { // Not thread-safe
public int getY() { return y; }
public void incrementX() { x++; }
public void incrementY() { y++; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "x: " + x + ", y: " + y;
}
@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ abstract class PairManager {
AtomicInteger checkCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
protected Pair p = new Pair();
private List<Pair> storage =
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Pair>());
Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
public synchronized Pair getPair() {
// Make a copy to keep the original safe:
return new Pair(p.getX(), p.getY());
@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ abstract class PairManager {
// Synchronize the entire method:
class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
@Override
public synchronized void increment() {
p.incrementX();
p.incrementY();
@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ class PairManager1 extends PairManager {
// Use a critical section:
class PairManager2 extends PairManager {
@Override
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
synchronized(this) {
@ -82,10 +86,12 @@ class PairManipulator implements Runnable {
public PairManipulator(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
pm.increment();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Pair: " + pm.getPair() +
" checkCounter = " + pm.checkCounter.get();
@ -97,6 +103,7 @@ class PairChecker implements Runnable {
public PairChecker(PairManager pm) {
this.pm = pm;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
pm.checkCounter.incrementAndGet();

1
concurrency/DaemonFromFactory.java
View File

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import net.mindview.util.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class DaemonFromFactory implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {

2
concurrency/Daemons.java
View File

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Daemon implements Runnable {
private Thread[] t = new Thread[10];
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
t[i] = new Thread(new DaemonSpawn());
@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ class Daemon implements Runnable {
}
class DaemonSpawn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
Thread.yield();

1
concurrency/DaemonsDontRunFinally.java
View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class ADaemon implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
print("Starting ADaemon");

10
concurrency/DelayQueueDemo.java
View File

@ -10,24 +10,28 @@ class DelayedTask implements Runnable, Delayed {
private final int delta;
private final long trigger;
protected static List<DelayedTask> sequence =
new ArrayList<DelayedTask>();
new ArrayList<>();
public DelayedTask(int delayInMilliseconds) {
delta = delayInMilliseconds;
trigger = System.nanoTime() +
NANOSECONDS.convert(delta, MILLISECONDS);
sequence.add(this);
}
@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
return unit.convert(
trigger - System.nanoTime(), NANOSECONDS);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed arg) {
DelayedTask that = (DelayedTask)arg;
if(trigger < that.trigger) return -1;
if(trigger > that.trigger) return 1;
return 0;
}
@Override
public void run() { printnb(this + " "); }
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("[%1$-4d]", delta) +
" Task " + id;
@ -41,6 +45,7 @@ class DelayedTask implements Runnable, Delayed {
super(delay);
exec = e;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for(DelayedTask pt : sequence) {
printnb(pt.summary() + " ");
@ -57,6 +62,7 @@ class DelayedTaskConsumer implements Runnable {
public DelayedTaskConsumer(DelayQueue<DelayedTask> q) {
this.q = q;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted())
@ -73,7 +79,7 @@ public class DelayQueueDemo {
Random rand = new Random(47);
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
DelayQueue<DelayedTask> queue =
new DelayQueue<DelayedTask>();
new DelayQueue<>();
// Fill with tasks that have random delays:
for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
queue.put(new DelayedTask(rand.nextInt(5000)));

1
concurrency/EvenChecker.java
View File

@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ public class EvenChecker implements Runnable {
generator = g;
id = ident;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!generator.isCanceled()) {
int val = generator.next();

1
concurrency/EvenGenerator.java
View File

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
public class EvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private int currentEvenValue = 0;
@Override
public int next() {
++currentEvenValue; // Danger point here!
++currentEvenValue;

1
concurrency/ExceptionThread.java
View File

@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ExceptionThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException();
}

12
concurrency/ExchangerDemo.java
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class ExchangerProducer<T> implements Runnable {
generator = gen;
this.holder = holder;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ class ExchangerConsumer<T> implements Runnable {
exchanger = ex;
this.holder = holder;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -60,14 +62,14 @@ public class ExchangerDemo {
if(args.length > 1)
delay = new Integer(args[1]);
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Exchanger<List<Fat>> xc = new Exchanger<List<Fat>>();
Exchanger<List<Fat>> xc = new Exchanger<>();
List<Fat>
producerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Fat>(),
consumerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Fat>();
exec.execute(new ExchangerProducer<Fat>(xc,
producerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(),
consumerList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
exec.execute(new ExchangerProducer<>(xc,
BasicGenerator.create(Fat.class), producerList));
exec.execute(
new ExchangerConsumer<Fat>(xc,consumerList));
new ExchangerConsumer<>(xc,consumerList));
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(delay);
exec.shutdownNow();
}

2
concurrency/ExplicitCriticalSection.java
View File

@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
// Synchronize the entire method:
class ExplicitPairManager1 extends PairManager {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void increment() {
lock.lock();
try {
@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ class ExplicitPairManager1 extends PairManager {
// Use a critical section:
class ExplicitPairManager2 extends PairManager {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void increment() {
Pair temp;
lock.lock();

1
concurrency/FastSimulation.java
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ public class FastSimulation {
new AtomicInteger[N_ELEMENTS][N_GENES];
static Random rand = new Random(47);
static class Evolver implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
// Randomly select an element to work on:

1
concurrency/Fat.java
View File

@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ public class Fat {
}
}
public void operation() { System.out.println(this); }
@Override
public String toString() { return "Fat id: " + id; }
} ///:~

13
concurrency/GreenhouseScheduler.java
View File

@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
event, initialDelay, period, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
class LightOn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here to
// physically turn on the light.
@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class LightOff implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here to
// physically turn off the light.
@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class WaterOn implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Turning greenhouse water on");
@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class WaterOff implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Turning greenhouse water off");
@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class ThermostatNight implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Thermostat to night setting");
@ -63,6 +68,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class ThermostatDay implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// Put hardware control code here.
System.out.println("Thermostat to day setting");
@ -70,15 +76,18 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
}
}
class Bell implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() { System.out.println("Bing!"); }
}
class Terminate implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Terminating");
scheduler.shutdownNow();
// Must start a separate task to do this job,
// since the scheduler was shut down:
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
for(DataPoint d : data)
System.out.println(d);
@ -96,6 +105,7 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
temperature = temp;
humidity = hum;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return time.getTime() +
String.format(
@ -114,8 +124,9 @@ public class GreenhouseScheduler {
private int humidityDirection = +1;
private Random rand = new Random(47);
List<DataPoint> data = Collections.synchronizedList(
new ArrayList<DataPoint>());
new ArrayList<>());
class CollectData implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Collecting data");
synchronized(GreenhouseScheduler.this) {

5
concurrency/HorseRace.java
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class Horse implements Runnable {
private static CyclicBarrier barrier;
public Horse(CyclicBarrier b) { barrier = b; }
public synchronized int getStrides() { return strides; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class Horse implements Runnable {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public String toString() { return "Horse " + id + " "; }
public String tracks() {
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
@ -39,12 +41,13 @@ class Horse implements Runnable {
public class HorseRace {
static final int FINISH_LINE = 75;
private List<Horse> horses = new ArrayList<Horse>();
private List<Horse> horses = new ArrayList<>();
private ExecutorService exec =
Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
private CyclicBarrier barrier;
public HorseRace(int nHorses, final int pause) {
barrier = new CyclicBarrier(nHorses, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < FINISH_LINE; i++)

4
concurrency/Interrupting.java
View File

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import java.io.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class SleepBlocked implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(100);
@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ class SleepBlocked implements Runnable {
class IOBlocked implements Runnable {
private InputStream in;
public IOBlocked(InputStream is) { in = is; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
print("Waiting for read():");
@ -40,11 +42,13 @@ class SynchronizedBlocked implements Runnable {
}
public SynchronizedBlocked() {
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
f(); // Lock acquired by this thread
}
}.start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
print("Trying to call f()");
f();

1
concurrency/Interrupting2.java
View File

@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class BlockedMutex {
class Blocked2 implements Runnable {
BlockedMutex blocked = new BlockedMutex();
@Override
public void run() {
print("Waiting for f() in BlockedMutex");
blocked.f();

1
concurrency/InterruptingIdiom.java
View File

@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class NeedsCleanup {
class Blocked3 implements Runnable {
private volatile double d = 0.0;
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

2
concurrency/Joining.java
View File

@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class Sleeper extends Thread {
duration = sleepTime;
start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
sleep(duration);
@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ class Joiner extends Thread {
this.sleeper = sleeper;
start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
sleeper.join();

1
concurrency/LiftOff.java
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ public class LiftOff implements Runnable {
return "#" + id + "(" +
(countDown > 0 ? countDown : "Liftoff!") + "), ";
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(countDown-- > 0) {
System.out.print(status());

4
concurrency/ListComparisons.java
View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ abstract class ListTest extends Tester<List<Integer>> {
class SynchronizedArrayListTest extends ListTest {
List<Integer> containerInitializer() {
return Collections.synchronizedList(
new ArrayList<Integer>(
new ArrayList<>(
new CountingIntegerList(containerSize)));
}
SynchronizedArrayListTest(int nReaders, int nWriters) {
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class SynchronizedArrayListTest extends ListTest {
class CopyOnWriteArrayListTest extends ListTest {
List<Integer> containerInitializer() {
return new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Integer>(
return new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>(
new CountingIntegerList(containerSize));
}
CopyOnWriteArrayListTest(int nReaders, int nWriters) {

4
concurrency/MapComparisons.java
View File

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ extends Tester<Map<Integer,Integer>> {
class SynchronizedHashMapTest extends MapTest {
Map<Integer,Integer> containerInitializer() {
return Collections.synchronizedMap(
new HashMap<Integer,Integer>(
new HashMap<>(
MapData.map(
new CountingGenerator.Integer(),
new CountingGenerator.Integer(),
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class SynchronizedHashMapTest extends MapTest {
class ConcurrentHashMapTest extends MapTest {
Map<Integer,Integer> containerInitializer() {
return new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,Integer>(
return new ConcurrentHashMap<>(
MapData.map(
new CountingGenerator.Integer(),
new CountingGenerator.Integer(), containerSize));

1
concurrency/MultiLock.java
View File

@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ public class MultiLock {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final MultiLock multiLock = new MultiLock();
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
multiLock.f1(10);
}

3
concurrency/MutexEvenGenerator.java
View File

@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
//: concurrency/MutexEvenGenerator.java
// Preventing thread collisions with mutexes.
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
public class MutexEvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private int currentEvenValue = 0;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public int next() {
lock.lock();
try {

1
concurrency/NIOInterruption.java
View File

@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class NIOBlocked implements Runnable {
private final SocketChannel sc;
public NIOBlocked(SocketChannel sc) { this.sc = sc; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
print("Waiting for read() in " + this);

3
concurrency/NotifyVsNotifyAll.java
View File

@ -19,12 +19,14 @@ class Blocker {
class Task implements Runnable {
static Blocker blocker = new Blocker();
@Override
public void run() { blocker.waitingCall(); }
}
class Task2 implements Runnable {
// A separate Blocker object:
static Blocker blocker = new Blocker();
@Override
public void run() { blocker.waitingCall(); }
}
@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ public class NotifyVsNotifyAll {
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
boolean prod = true;
@Override
public void run() {
if(prod) {
System.out.print("\nnotify() ");

4
concurrency/OrnamentalGarden.java
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Count {
class Entrance implements Runnable {
private static Count count = new Count();
private static List<Entrance> entrances =
new ArrayList<Entrance>();
new ArrayList<>();
private int number = 0;
// Doesn't need synchronization to read:
private final int id;
@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class Entrance implements Runnable {
// garbage collection of dead tasks:
entrances.add(this);
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(!canceled) {
synchronized(this) {
@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ class Entrance implements Runnable {
print("Stopping " + this);
}
public synchronized int getValue() { return number; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Entrance " + id + ": " + getValue();
}

2
concurrency/Philosopher.java
View File

@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public class Philosopher implements Runnable {
id = ident;
ponderFactor = ponder;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -41,5 +42,6 @@ public class Philosopher implements Runnable {
print(this + " " + "exiting via interrupt");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() { return "Philosopher " + id; }
} ///:~

2
concurrency/PipedIO.java
View File

@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class Sender implements Runnable {
private Random rand = new Random(47);
private PipedWriter out = new PipedWriter();
public PipedWriter getPipedWriter() { return out; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true)
@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ class Receiver implements Runnable {
public Receiver(Sender sender) throws IOException {
in = new PipedReader(sender.getPipedWriter());
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {

2
concurrency/Pool.java
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import java.util.*;
public class Pool<T> {
private int size;
private List<T> items = new ArrayList<T>();
private List<T> items = new ArrayList<>();
private volatile boolean[] checkedOut;
private Semaphore available;
public Pool(Class<T> classObject, int size) {

10
concurrency/PriorityBlockingQueueDemo.java
View File

@ -10,15 +10,17 @@ Runnable, Comparable<PrioritizedTask> {
private final int id = counter++;
private final int priority;
protected static List<PrioritizedTask> sequence =
new ArrayList<PrioritizedTask>();
new ArrayList<>();
public PrioritizedTask(int priority) {
this.priority = priority;
sequence.add(this);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(PrioritizedTask arg) {
return priority < arg.priority ? 1 :
(priority > arg.priority ? -1 : 0);
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(250));
@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ Runnable, Comparable<PrioritizedTask> {
}
print(this);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("[%1$-3d]", priority) +
" Task " + id;
@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ Runnable, Comparable<PrioritizedTask> {
super(-1); // Lowest priority in this program
exec = e;
}
@Override
public void run() {
int count = 0;
for(PrioritizedTask pt : sequence) {
@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ class PrioritizedTaskProducer implements Runnable {
queue = q;
exec = e; // Used for EndSentinel
}
@Override
public void run() {
// Unbounded queue; never blocks.
// Fill it up fast with random priorities:
@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ class PrioritizedTaskConsumer implements Runnable {
PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable> q) {
this.q = q;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted())
@ -110,7 +116,7 @@ public class PriorityBlockingQueueDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable> queue =
new PriorityBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
new PriorityBlockingQueue<>();
exec.execute(new PrioritizedTaskProducer(queue, exec));
exec.execute(new PrioritizedTaskConsumer(queue));
}

6
concurrency/ReaderWriterList.java
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public class ReaderWriterList<T> {
private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock =
new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);
public ReaderWriterList(int size, T initialValue) {
lockedList = new ArrayList<T>(
lockedList = new ArrayList<>(
Collections.nCopies(size, initialValue));
}
public T set(int index, T element) {
@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ class ReaderWriterListTest {
private final static int SIZE = 100;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private ReaderWriterList<Integer> list =
new ReaderWriterList<Integer>(SIZE, 0);
new ReaderWriterList<>(SIZE, 0);
private class Writer implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { // 2 second test
@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ class ReaderWriterListTest {
}
}
private class Reader implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

3
concurrency/ResponsiveUI.java
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
//: concurrency/ResponsiveUI.java
// User interface responsiveness.
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
class UnresponsiveUI {
private volatile double d = 1;
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public class ResponsiveUI extends Thread {
setDaemon(true);
start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
d = d + (Math.PI + Math.E) / d;

3
concurrency/Restaurant.java
View File

@ -6,12 +6,14 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
class Meal {
private final int orderNum;
public Meal(int orderNum) { this.orderNum = orderNum; }
@Override
public String toString() { return "Meal " + orderNum; }
}
class WaitPerson implements Runnable {
private Restaurant restaurant;
public WaitPerson(Restaurant r) { restaurant = r; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ class Chef implements Runnable {
private Restaurant restaurant;
private int count = 0;
public Chef(Restaurant r) { restaurant = r; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

2
concurrency/SelfManaged.java
View File

@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ public class SelfManaged implements Runnable {
private int countDown = 5;
private Thread t = new Thread(this);
public SelfManaged() { t.start(); }
@Override
public String toString() {
return Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"(" + countDown + "), ";
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
System.out.print(this);

10
concurrency/SemaphoreDemo.java
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class CheckoutTask<T> implements Runnable {
public CheckoutTask(Pool<T> pool) {
this.pool = pool;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
T item = pool.checkOut();
@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ class CheckoutTask<T> implements Runnable {
// Acceptable way to terminate
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "CheckoutTask " + id + " ";
}
@ -31,13 +33,12 @@ class CheckoutTask<T> implements Runnable {
public class SemaphoreDemo {
final static int SIZE = 25;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
final Pool<Fat> pool =
new Pool<Fat>(Fat.class, SIZE);
final Pool<Fat> pool = new Pool<>(Fat.class, SIZE);
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
exec.execute(new CheckoutTask<Fat>(pool));
exec.execute(new CheckoutTask<>(pool));
print("All CheckoutTasks created");
List<Fat> list = new ArrayList<Fat>();
List<Fat> list = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
Fat f = pool.checkOut();
printnb(i + ": main() thread checked out ");
@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ public class SemaphoreDemo {
list.add(f);
}
Future<?> blocked = exec.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// Semaphore prevents additional checkout,

1
concurrency/SerialNumberChecker.java
View File

@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ public class SerialNumberChecker {
private static ExecutorService exec =
Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
static class SerialChecker implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
int serial =

2
concurrency/SettingDefaultHandler.java
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
//: concurrency/SettingDefaultHandler.java
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class SettingDefaultHandler {

1
concurrency/SimpleDaemons.java
View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class SimpleDaemons implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {

2
concurrency/SimpleMicroBenchmark.java
View File

@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ abstract class Incrementable {
}
class SynchronizingTest extends Incrementable {
@Override
public synchronized void increment() { ++counter; }
}
class LockingTest extends Incrementable {
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void increment() {
lock.lock();
try {

2
concurrency/SimplePriorities.java
View File

@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ public class SimplePriorities implements Runnable {
public SimplePriorities(int priority) {
this.priority = priority;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Thread.currentThread() + ": " + countDown;
}
@Override
public void run() {
Thread.currentThread().setPriority(priority);
while(true) {

2
concurrency/SimpleThread.java
View File

@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ public class SimpleThread extends Thread {
super(Integer.toString(++threadCount));
start();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "#" + getName() + "(" + countDown + "), ";
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
System.out.print(this);

3
concurrency/SleepingTask.java
View File

@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class SleepingTask extends LiftOff {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(countDown-- > 0) {
System.out.print(status());
// Old-style:
// Thread.sleep(100);
// Java SE5/6-style:
// Java 5/6-style:
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {

1
concurrency/SyncObject.java
View File

@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public class SyncObject {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final DualSynch ds = new DualSynch();
new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
ds.f();
}

9
concurrency/SynchronizationComparisons.java
View File

@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ abstract class Accumulator {
public abstract void accumulate();
public abstract long read();
private class Modifier implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
for(long i = 0; i < cycles; i++)
accumulate();
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ abstract class Accumulator {
}
private class Reader implements Runnable {
private volatile long value;
@Override
public void run() {
for(long i = 0; i < cycles; i++)
value = read();
@ -73,10 +75,12 @@ abstract class Accumulator {
class SynchronizedTest extends Accumulator {
{ id = "synch"; }
@Override
public synchronized void accumulate() {
value += preLoaded[index++];
if(index >= SIZE) index = 0;
}
@Override
public synchronized long read() {
return value;
}
@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ class SynchronizedTest extends Accumulator {
class LockTest extends Accumulator {
{ id = "Lock"; }
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void accumulate() {
lock.lock();
try {
@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ class LockTest extends Accumulator {
lock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
public long read() {
lock.lock();
try {
@ -111,6 +117,7 @@ class AtomicTest extends Accumulator {
// Relying on more than one Atomic at a time doesn't
// work, so we still have to synchronize. But it gives
// a performance indicator:
@Override
public synchronized void accumulate() {
int i;
i = index.getAndIncrement();
@ -118,7 +125,9 @@ class AtomicTest extends Accumulator {
if(++i >= SIZE)
index.set(0);
}
@Override
public synchronized long read() { return value.get(); }
@Override
public void report(Accumulator acc2) {
printf("%-22s: %.2f\n", "synch/(Atomic-synch)",
(double)acc2.duration/

3
concurrency/SynchronizedEvenGenerator.java
View File

@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
//: concurrency/SynchronizedEvenGenerator.java
// Simplifying mutexes with the synchronized keyword.
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
public class
SynchronizedEvenGenerator extends IntGenerator {
private int currentEvenValue = 0;
@Override
public synchronized int next() {
++currentEvenValue;
Thread.yield(); // Cause failure faster

9
concurrency/TestBlockingQueues.java
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
//: concurrency/TestBlockingQueues.java
// {RunByHand}
// {TimeOutDuringTesting}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.io.*;
import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class LiftOffRunner implements Runnable {
print("Interrupted during put()");
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -58,10 +59,10 @@ public class TestBlockingQueues {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test("LinkedBlockingQueue", // Unlimited size
new LinkedBlockingQueue<LiftOff>());
new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
test("ArrayBlockingQueue", // Fixed size
new ArrayBlockingQueue<LiftOff>(3));
new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3));
test("SynchronousQueue", // Size of 1
new SynchronousQueue<LiftOff>());
new SynchronousQueue<>());
}
} ///:~

3
concurrency/ThreadLocalVariableHolder.java
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import java.util.*;
class Accessor implements Runnable {
private final int id;
public Accessor(int idn) { id = idn; }
@Override
public void run() {
while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
ThreadLocalVariableHolder.increment();
@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ class Accessor implements Runnable {
Thread.yield();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "#" + id + ": " +
ThreadLocalVariableHolder.get();
@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalVariableHolder {
private static ThreadLocal<Integer> value =
new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
private Random rand = new Random(47);
@Override
protected synchronized Integer initialValue() {
return rand.nextInt(10000);
}

10
concurrency/ThreadVariations.java
View File

@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ class InnerThread1 {
super(name);
start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ class InnerThread1 {
print("interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getName() + ": " + countDown;
}
@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ class InnerThread2 {
private Thread t;
public InnerThread2(String name) {
t = new Thread(name) {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ class InnerThread2 {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getName() + ": " + countDown;
}
@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ class InnerRunnable1 {
t = new Thread(this, name);
t.start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
@ -78,6 +83,7 @@ class InnerRunnable1 {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return t.getName() + ": " + countDown;
}
@ -93,6 +99,7 @@ class InnerRunnable2 {
private Thread t;
public InnerRunnable2(String name) {
t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
@ -104,6 +111,7 @@ class InnerRunnable2 {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Thread.currentThread().getName() +
": " + countDown;
@ -122,6 +130,7 @@ class ThreadMethod {
public void runTask() {
if(t == null) {
t = new Thread(name) {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ class ThreadMethod {
print("sleep() interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getName() + ": " + countDown;
}

5
concurrency/ToastOMatic.java
View File

@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class Toast {
public void jam() { status = Status.JAMMED; }
public Status getStatus() { return status; }
public int getId() { return id; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Toast " + id + ": " + status;
}
@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class Toaster implements Runnable {
private int count = 0;
private Random rand = new Random(47);
public Toaster(ToastQueue tq) { toastQueue = tq; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ class Butterer implements Runnable {
dryQueue = dry;
butteredQueue = buttered;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -73,6 +76,7 @@ class Jammer implements Runnable {
butteredQueue = buttered;
finishedQueue = finished;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -96,6 +100,7 @@ class Eater implements Runnable {
public Eater(ToastQueue finished) {
finishedQueue = finished;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

80
concurrency/build.xml Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project default="run">
<property name="chapter" value="concurrency"/>
<property name="excludedfiles" value=""/>
<import file="../Ant-Common.xml"/>
<target name="run" description="Compile and run" depends="build">
<touch file="failures"/>
<jrun cls="ActiveObjectDemo" />
<jrun cls="AtomicEvenGenerator" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="AtomicIntegerTest" />
<jrun cls="AtomicityTest" />
<jrun cls="AttemptLocking" />
<jrun cls="BankTellerSimulation" arguments='5' />
<jrun cls="BasicThreads" />
<jrun cls="CachedThreadPool" />
<jrun cls="CallableDemo" />
<jrun cls="CaptureUncaughtException" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="CarBuilder" />
<jrun cls="CloseResource" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="CountDownLatchDemo" />
<jrun cls="concurrency.CriticalSection" dirpath="../concurrency" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="DaemonFromFactory" />
<jrun cls="Daemons" />
<jrun cls="DaemonsDontRunFinally" />
<jrun cls="DeadlockingDiningPhilosophers" arguments='0 5 timeout' />
<jrun cls="DelayQueueDemo" />
<jrun cls="EvenGenerator" />
<jrun cls="ExceptionThread" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="ExchangerDemo" />
<jrun cls="concurrency.ExplicitCriticalSection" dirpath="../concurrency" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="FastSimulation" />
<jrun cls="FixedDiningPhilosophers" arguments='5 5 timeout' />
<jrun cls="FixedThreadPool" />
<jrun cls="GreenhouseScheduler" arguments='5000' />
<jrun cls="HorseRace" />
<jrun cls="Interrupting" />
<jrun cls="Interrupting2" />
<jrun cls="InterruptingIdiom" arguments='1100' />
<jrun cls="Joining" />
<jrun cls="ListComparisons" arguments='1 10 10' />
<jrun cls="MainThread" />
<jrun cls="MapComparisons" arguments='1 10 10' />
<jrun cls="MoreBasicThreads" />
<jrun cls="MultiLock" />
<jrun cls="MutexEvenGenerator" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="NaiveExceptionHandling" failOnError='false' msg='* Exception was Expected *' />
<jrun cls="NIOInterruption" />
<jrun cls="NotifyVsNotifyAll" />
<jrun cls="OrnamentalGarden" />
<jrun cls="PipedIO" />
<jrun cls="PriorityBlockingQueueDemo" />
<jrun cls="ReaderWriterList" />
<jrun cls="ResponsiveUI" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="Restaurant" />
<jrun cls="SelfManaged" />
<jrun cls="SemaphoreDemo" />
<jrun cls="SerialNumberChecker" arguments='4' />
<jrun cls="SettingDefaultHandler" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="SimpleDaemons" />
<jrun cls="SimpleMicroBenchmark" />
<jrun cls="SimplePriorities" />
<jrun cls="SimpleThread" />
<jrun cls="SingleThreadExecutor" />
<jrun cls="SleepingTask" />
<jrun cls="SynchronizationComparisons" />
<jrun cls="SynchronizedEvenGenerator" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="SyncObject" />
<jrun cls="TestBlockingQueues" failOnError='false' timeOut='4000' msg='* Timeout for Testing *' />
<jrun cls="ThreadLocalVariableHolder" />
<jrun cls="ThreadVariations" />
<jrun cls="ToastOMatic" />
<jrun cls="concurrency.restaurant2.RestaurantWithQueues" dirpath="../concurrency/restaurant2" arguments='5' />
<jrun cls="concurrency.waxomatic.WaxOMatic" dirpath="../concurrency/waxomatic" />
<jrun cls="concurrency.waxomatic2.WaxOMatic2" dirpath="../concurrency/waxomatic2" />
<delete file="failures"/>
</target>
</project>

19
concurrency/restaurant2/RestaurantWithQueues.java
View File

@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class Order { // (A data-transfer object)
public Food item() { return food; }
public Customer getCustomer() { return customer; }
public WaitPerson getWaitPerson() { return waitPerson; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order: " + id + " item: " + food +
" for: " + customer +
@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ class Plate {
}
public Order getOrder() { return order; }
public Food getFood() { return food; }
@Override
public String toString() { return food.toString(); }
}
@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class Customer implements Runnable {
private final WaitPerson waitPerson;
// Only one course at a time can be received:
private SynchronousQueue<Plate> placeSetting =
new SynchronousQueue<Plate>();
new SynchronousQueue<>();
public Customer(WaitPerson w) { waitPerson = w; }
public void
deliver(Plate p) throws InterruptedException {
@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ class Customer implements Runnable {
// eating the previous course:
placeSetting.put(p);
}
@Override
public void run() {
for(Course course : Course.values()) {
Food food = course.randomSelection();
@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ class Customer implements Runnable {
}
print(this + "finished meal, leaving");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer " + id + " ";
}
@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ class WaitPerson implements Runnable {
private final int id = counter++;
private final Restaurant restaurant;
BlockingQueue<Plate> filledOrders =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Plate>();
new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public WaitPerson(Restaurant rest) { restaurant = rest; }
public void placeOrder(Customer cust, Food food) {
try {
@ -91,6 +95,7 @@ class WaitPerson implements Runnable {
print(this + " placeOrder interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -106,6 +111,7 @@ class WaitPerson implements Runnable {
}
print(this + " off duty");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "WaitPerson " + id + " ";
}
@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ class Chef implements Runnable {
private final Restaurant restaurant;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public Chef(Restaurant rest) { restaurant = rest; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -133,17 +140,18 @@ class Chef implements Runnable {
}
print(this + " off duty");
}
@Override
public String toString() { return "Chef " + id + " "; }
}
class Restaurant implements Runnable {
private List<WaitPerson> waitPersons =
new ArrayList<WaitPerson>();
private List<Chef> chefs = new ArrayList<Chef>();
new ArrayList<>();
private List<Chef> chefs = new ArrayList<>();
private ExecutorService exec;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
BlockingQueue<Order>
orders = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Order>();
orders = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public Restaurant(ExecutorService e, int nWaitPersons,
int nChefs) {
exec = e;
@ -158,6 +166,7 @@ class Restaurant implements Runnable {
exec.execute(chef);
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

2
concurrency/waxomatic/WaxOMatic.java
View File

@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ class Car {
class WaxOn implements Runnable {
private Car car;
public WaxOn(Car c) { car = c; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ class WaxOn implements Runnable {
class WaxOff implements Runnable {
private Car car;
public WaxOff(Car c) { car = c; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

2
concurrency/waxomatic2/WaxOMatic2.java
View File

@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ class Car {
class WaxOn implements Runnable {
private Car car;
public WaxOn(Car c) { car = c; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ class WaxOn implements Runnable {
class WaxOff implements Runnable {
private Car car;
public WaxOff(Car c) { car = c; }
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while(!Thread.interrupted()) {

3
containers/AssociativeArray.java
View File

@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ public class AssociativeArray<K,V> {
return (V)pairs[i][1];
return null; // Did not find key
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public class AssociativeArray<K,V> {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
AssociativeArray<String,String> map =
new AssociativeArray<String,String>(6);
new AssociativeArray<>(6);
map.put("sky", "blue");
map.put("grass", "green");
map.put("ocean", "dancing");

7
containers/CanonicalMapping.java
View File

@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ import java.util.*;
class Element {
private String ident;
public Element(String id) { ident = id; }
@Override
public String toString() { return ident; }
@Override
public int hashCode() { return ident.hashCode(); }
@Override
public boolean equals(Object r) {
return r instanceof Element &&
ident.equals(((Element)r).ident);
}
@Override
protected void finalize() {
System.out.println("Finalizing " +
getClass().getSimpleName() + " " + ident);
@ -32,8 +36,7 @@ public class CanonicalMapping {
if(args.length > 0)
size = new Integer(args[0]);
Key[] keys = new Key[size];
WeakHashMap<Key,Value> map =
new WeakHashMap<Key,Value>();
WeakHashMap<Key,Value> map = new WeakHashMap<>();
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Key k = new Key(Integer.toString(i));
Value v = new Value(Integer.toString(i));

8
containers/CollectionDataGeneration.java
View File

@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ import net.mindview.util.*;
public class CollectionDataGeneration {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new ArrayList<String>(
System.out.println(new ArrayList<>(
CollectionData.list( // Convenience method
new RandomGenerator.String(9), 10)));
System.out.println(new HashSet<Integer>(
new CollectionData<Integer>(
System.out.println(new HashSet<>(
new CollectionData<>(
new RandomGenerator.Integer(), 10)));
}
} /* Output:
[YNzbrnyGc, FOWZnTcQr, GseGZMmJM, RoEsuEcUO, neOEdLsmw, HLGEahKcx, rEqUCBbkI, naMesbtWH, kjUrUkZPg, wsqPzDyCy]
[573, 4779, 871, 4367, 6090, 7882, 2017, 8037, 3455, 299]
[2017, 3455, 4779, 871, 6090, 573, 7882, 299, 8037, 4367]
*///:~

5
containers/CollectionDataTest.java
View File

@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ class Government implements Generator<String> {
"distributing swords is no basis for a system of " +
"government").split(" ");
private int index;
@Override
public String next() { return foundation[index++]; }
}
public class CollectionDataTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<String>(
new CollectionData<String>(new Government(), 15));
Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(
new CollectionData<>(new Government(), 15));
// Using the convenience method:
set.addAll(CollectionData.list(new Government(), 15));
System.out.println(set);

18
containers/CollectionMethods.java
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CollectionMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Collection<String> c = new ArrayList<String>();
Collection<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
c.addAll(Countries.names(6));
c.add("ten");
c.add("eleven");
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class CollectionMethods {
print("Collections.max(c) = " + Collections.max(c));
print("Collections.min(c) = " + Collections.min(c));
// Add a Collection to another Collection
Collection<String> c2 = new ArrayList<String>();
Collection<String> c2 = new ArrayList<>();
c2.addAll(Countries.names(6));
c.addAll(c2);
print(c);
@ -50,25 +50,25 @@ public class CollectionMethods {
// in c2 that also appear in c3:
c2.removeAll(c3);
print("c2.isEmpty() = " + c2.isEmpty());
c = new ArrayList<String>();
c = new ArrayList<>();
c.addAll(Countries.names(6));
print(c);
c.clear(); // Remove all elements
print("after c.clear():" + c);
}
} /* Output:
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, ten, eleven]
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, ten, eleven]
Collections.max(c) = ten
Collections.min(c) = ALGERIA
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO]
[ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO]
[BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO]
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI]
[ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI]
[BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI]
[ten, eleven]
[ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO]
[ten, eleven, ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI]
c.contains(BOTSWANA) = true
c.containsAll(c2) = true
[ANGOLA, BENIN]
c2.isEmpty() = true
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO]
[ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI]
after c.clear():[]
*///:~

7
containers/CountedString.java
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class CountedString {
private static List<String> created =
new ArrayList<String>();
new ArrayList<>();
private String s;
private int id = 0;
public CountedString(String str) {
@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ public class CountedString {
if(s2.equals(s))
id++;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "String: " + s + " id: " + id +
" hashCode(): " + hashCode();
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
// The very simple approach:
// return s.hashCode() * id;
@ -30,6 +32,7 @@ public class CountedString {
result = 37 * result + id;
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return o instanceof CountedString &&
s.equals(((CountedString)o).s) &&
@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ public class CountedString {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<CountedString,Integer> map =
new HashMap<CountedString,Integer>();
new HashMap<>();
CountedString[] cs = new CountedString[5];
for(int i = 0; i < cs.length; i++) {
cs[i] = new CountedString("hi");

2
containers/DequeTest.java
View File

@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public class DequeTest {
deque.addLast(i);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Deque<Integer> di = new Deque<Integer>();
Deque<Integer> di = new Deque<>();
fillTest(di);
print(di);
while(di.size() != 0)

6
containers/Enumerations.java
View File

@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import net.mindview.util.*;
public class Enumerations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector<String> v =
new Vector<String>(Countries.names(10));
new Vector<>(Countries.names(10));
Enumeration<String> e = v.elements();
while(e.hasMoreElements())
System.out.print(e.nextElement() + ", ");
// Produce an Enumeration from a Collection:
e = Collections.enumeration(new ArrayList<String>());
e = Collections.enumeration(new ArrayList<>());
}
} /* Output:
ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BULGARIA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, CAMEROON, CAPE VERDE, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC,
ALGERIA, ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO, BURUNDI, CAMEROON, CAPE VERDE, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, CHAD,
*///:~

2
containers/FailFast.java
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import java.util.*;
public class FailFast {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Collection<String> c = new ArrayList<String>();
Collection<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
Iterator<String> it = c.iterator();
c.add("An object");
try {

3
containers/FillingLists.java
View File

@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import java.util.*;
class StringAddress {
private String s;
public StringAddress(String s) { this.s = s; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString() + " " + s;
}
@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ class StringAddress {
public class FillingLists {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<StringAddress> list= new ArrayList<StringAddress>(
List<StringAddress> list = new ArrayList<>(
Collections.nCopies(4, new StringAddress("Hello")));
System.out.println(list);
Collections.fill(list, new StringAddress("World!"));

1
containers/Groundhog.java
View File

@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
public class Groundhog {
protected int number;
public Groundhog(int n) { number = n; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Groundhog #" + number;
}

2
containers/Groundhog2.java
View File

@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
public class Groundhog2 extends Groundhog {
public Groundhog2(int n) { super(n); }
@Override
public int hashCode() { return number; }
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return o instanceof Groundhog2 &&
(number == ((Groundhog2)o).number);

2
containers/IndividualTest.java
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import java.util.*;
public class IndividualTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<Individual> pets = new TreeSet<Individual>();
Set<Individual> pets = new TreeSet<>();
for(List<? extends Pet> lp :
MapOfList.petPeople.values())
for(Pet p : lp)

6
containers/LinkedHashMapDemo.java
View File

@ -7,12 +7,10 @@ import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class LinkedHashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap<Integer,String> linkedMap =
new LinkedHashMap<Integer,String>(
new CountingMapData(9));
new LinkedHashMap<>(new CountingMapData(9));
print(linkedMap);
// Least-recently-used order:
linkedMap =
new LinkedHashMap<Integer,String>(16, 0.75f, true);
linkedMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, true);
linkedMap.putAll(new CountingMapData(9));
print(linkedMap);
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) // Cause accesses:

22
containers/ListPerformance.java
View File

@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ public class ListPerformance {
static Random rand = new Random();
static int reps = 1000;
static List<Test<List<Integer>>> tests =
new ArrayList<Test<List<Integer>>>();
new ArrayList<>();
static List<Test<LinkedList<Integer>>> qTests =
new ArrayList<Test<LinkedList<Integer>>>();
new ArrayList<>();
static {
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("add") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int listSize = tp.size;
@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("get") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops * reps;
int listSize = list.size();
@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("set") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops * reps;
int listSize = list.size();
@ -43,6 +46,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("iteradd") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
final int LOOPS = 1000000;
int half = list.size() / 2;
@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("insert") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
for(int i = 0; i < loops; i++)
@ -61,6 +66,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
tests.add(new Test<List<Integer>>("remove") {
@Override
int test(List<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int size = tp.size;
@ -75,6 +81,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
});
// Tests for queue behavior:
qTests.add(new Test<LinkedList<Integer>>("addFirst") {
@Override
int test(LinkedList<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int size = tp.size;
@ -87,6 +94,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
qTests.add(new Test<LinkedList<Integer>>("addLast") {
@Override
int test(LinkedList<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int size = tp.size;
@ -100,6 +108,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
});
qTests.add(
new Test<LinkedList<Integer>>("rmFirst") {
@Override
int test(LinkedList<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int size = tp.size;
@ -113,6 +122,7 @@ public class ListPerformance {
}
});
qTests.add(new Test<LinkedList<Integer>>("rmLast") {
@Override
int test(LinkedList<Integer> list, TestParam tp) {
int loops = tp.loops;
int size = tp.size;
@ -164,13 +174,13 @@ public class ListPerformance {
10, 5000, 100, 5000, 1000, 1000, 10000, 200);
if(args.length > 0)
Tester.defaultParams = TestParam.array(args);
ListTester.run(new ArrayList<Integer>(), tests);
ListTester.run(new LinkedList<Integer>(), tests);
ListTester.run(new Vector<Integer>(), tests);
ListTester.run(new ArrayList<>(), tests);
ListTester.run(new LinkedList<>(), tests);
ListTester.run(new Vector<>(), tests);
Tester.fieldWidth = 12;
Tester<LinkedList<Integer>> qTest =
new Tester<LinkedList<Integer>>(
new LinkedList<Integer>(), qTests);
new LinkedList<>(), qTests);
qTest.setHeadline("Queue tests");
qTest.timedTest();
}

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