Checkstyle and Findbugs changes

Also changed comment callouts from // (1) to // [1]

Copyright.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright.txt
-This computer source code is Copyright ©2016 MindView LLC
+This computer source code is Copyright ©2016 MindView LLC.
 All Rights Reserved.
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ personal and commercial software programs.
 2. Permission is granted to use the Source Code without
 modification in classroom situations, including in
 presentation materials, provided that the book "On
-Java" is cited as the origin.
+Java 8" is cited as the origin.
 
 3. Permission to incorporate the Source Code into printed
 media may be obtained by contacting:
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
 
 Please note that MindView LLC maintains a Web site which
 is the sole distribution point for electronic copies of the
-Source Code, https://github.com/BruceEckel/OnJava-Examples,
+Source Code, https://github.com/BruceEckel/OnJava8-examples,
 where it is freely available under the terms stated above.
 
 If you think you've found an error in the Source Code,
 please submit a correction at:
-https://github.com/BruceEckel/OnJava-Examples/issues
+https://github.com/BruceEckel/OnJava8-examples/issues

ShowFindbugs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#! py -3
+# Requires Python 3.5
+# Displays all the Findbugs main.html reports from "On Java 8" on Windows
+# Must run "gradlew findbugsMain" first
+from pathlib import Path
+import os
+
+cmds = ["start " + str(report) for report in Path(".").rglob("main.html")]
+(Path(".") / "ShowFindbugs.bat").write_text("\n".join(cmds).strip() + "\n")
+os.system("ShowFindbugs.bat")

annotations/AtUnitComposition.java

@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ import onjava.*;
 
 public class AtUnitComposition {
   AtUnitExample1 testObject = new AtUnitExample1();
-  @Test boolean _methodOne() {
+  @Test boolean tMethodOne() {
     return
       testObject.methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
   }
-  @Test boolean _methodTwo() {
+  @Test boolean tMethodTwo() {
     return testObject.methodTwo() == 2;
   }
 }
 /* Output:
 annotations.AtUnitComposition
-  . _methodOne
-  . _methodTwo This is methodTwo
+  . tMethodOne
+  . tMethodTwo This is methodTwo
 
 OK (2 tests)
 */

annotations/AtUnitExternalTest.java

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ import onjava.atunit.*;
 import onjava.*;
 
 public class AtUnitExternalTest extends AtUnitExample1 {
-  @Test boolean _methodOne() {
+  @Test boolean tMethodOne() {
     return methodOne().equals("This is methodOne");
   }
-  @Test boolean _methodTwo() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
+  @Test boolean tMethodTwo() { return methodTwo() == 2; }
 }
 /* Output:
 annotations.AtUnitExternalTest
-  . _methodTwo This is methodTwo
+  . tMethodTwo This is methodTwo
 
-  . _methodOne
+  . tMethodOne
 OK (2 tests)
 */

annotations/HashSetTest.java

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ public class HashSetTest {
   @Test void initialization() {
     assert testObject.isEmpty();
   }
-  @Test void _contains() {
+  @Test void tContains() {
     testObject.add("one");
     assert testObject.contains("one");
   }
-  @Test void _remove() {
+  @Test void tRemove() {
     testObject.add("one");
     testObject.remove("one");
     assert testObject.isEmpty();
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ public class HashSetTest {
 }
 /* Output:
 annotations.HashSetTest
-  . _remove
-  . _contains
+  . tRemove
+  . tContains
   . initialization
 OK (3 tests)
 */

annotations/SimulatingNull.java

@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 public @interface SimulatingNull {
-  public int id() default -1;
-  public String description() default "";
+  int id() default -1;
+  String description() default "";
 }

annotations/StackLStringTest.java

@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@ import onjava.atunit.*;
 import onjava.*;
 
 public class StackLStringTest extends StackL<String> {
-  @Test void _push() {
+  @Test void tPush() {
     push("one");
     assert top().equals("one");
     push("two");
     assert top().equals("two");
   }
-  @Test void _pop() {
+  @Test void tPop() {
     push("one");
     push("two");
     assert pop().equals("two");
     assert pop().equals("one");
   }
-  @Test void _top() {
+  @Test void tTop() {
     push("A");
     push("B");
     assert top().equals("B");
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ public class StackLStringTest extends StackL<String> {
 }
 /* Output:
 annotations.StackLStringTest
-  . _pop
-  . _top
-  . _push
+  . tPop
+  . tTop
+  . tPush
 OK (3 tests)
 */

annotations/UseCase.java

@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
 @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 public @interface UseCase {
-  public int id();
-  public String description() default "no description";
+  int id();
+  String description() default "no description";
 }

annotations/database/DBTable.java

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE) // Applies to classes only
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 public @interface DBTable {
-  public String name() default "";
+  String name() default "";
 }

annotations/database/Uniqueness.java

@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ package annotations.database;
 
 public @interface Uniqueness {
   Constraints constraints()
-    default @Constraints(unique = true);
+  default @Constraints(unique = true);
 }

annotations/ifx/ExtractInterface.java

@@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
 @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
 public @interface ExtractInterface {
-  public String interfaceName() default "-!!-";
+  String interfaceName() default "-!!-";
 }

arrays/AlphabeticSearch.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // (c)2016 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
 // We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
 // Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
-// Searching with a Comparator
+// Searching with a Comparator import
 import java.util.*;
 import onjava.*;
 import static onjava.ArrayShow.*;
@@ -12,18 +12,14 @@ public class AlphabeticSearch {
     String[] sa = new Rand.String().array(30);
     Arrays.sort(sa, String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
     show(sa);
-    int index = Arrays.binarySearch(sa, sa[10],
-      String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
-    System.out.println(
-      "Index: "+ index + "\n"+ sa[index]);
+    int index = Arrays.binarySearch(sa,
+      sa[10], String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
+    System.out.println( "Index: "+ index + "\n"+ sa[index]);
   }
 }
 /* Output:
-[anmkkyh, bhmupju, btpenpc, cjwzmmr, cuxszgv, eloztdv,
-ewcippc, ezdeklu, fcjpthl, fqmlgsh, gmeinne, hyoubzl,
-jbvlgwc, jlxpqds, ljlbynx, mvducuj, qgekgly, skddcat,
-taprwxz, uybypgp, vjsszkn, vniyapk, vqqakbm, vwodhcf,
-ydpulcq, ygpoalk, yskvett, zehpfmm, zofmmvm, zrxmclh]
-Index: 10
-gmeinne
+[anmkkyh, bhmupju, btpenpc, cjwzmmr, cuxszgv,
+eloztdv, ewcippc, ezdeklu, fcjpthl, fqmlgsh, gmeinne, hyoubzl, jbvlgwc, jlxpqds,
+ljlbynx, mvducuj, qgekgly, skddcat, taprwxz, uybypgp, vjsszkn, vniyapk, vqqakbm,
+vwodhcf, ydpulcq, ygpoalk, yskvett, zehpfmm, zofmmvm, zrxmclh] Index: 10 gmeinne
 */

arrays/ArrayCopying.java

@@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ public class ArrayCopying {
     int[] a1 = new int[SZ];
     Arrays.setAll(a1, new Count.Integer()::get);
     show("a1", a1);
-    int[] a2 = Arrays.copyOf(a1, a1.length); // (1)
+    int[] a2 = Arrays.copyOf(a1, a1.length); // [1]
     // Prove they are distinct arrays:
     Arrays.fill(a1, 1);
     show("a1", a1);
     show("a2", a2);
 
     // Create a shorter result:
-    a2 = Arrays.copyOf(a2, a2.length/2); // (2)
+    a2 = Arrays.copyOf(a2, a2.length/2); // [2]
     show("a2", a2);
     // Allocate more space:
     a2 = Arrays.copyOf(a2, a2.length + 5);
     show("a2", a2);
 
     // Also copies wrapped arrays:
-    Integer[] a3 = new Integer[SZ]; // (3)
+    Integer[] a3 = new Integer[SZ]; // [3]
     Arrays.setAll(a3, new Count.Integer()::get);
     Integer[] a4 = Arrays.copyOfRange(a3, 4, 12);
     show("a4", a4);
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ public class ArrayCopying {
     Arrays.setAll(d, Sub::new);
     // Produce Sup[] from Sub[]:
     Sup[] b =
-      Arrays.copyOf(d, d.length, Sup[].class); // (4)
+      Arrays.copyOf(d, d.length, Sup[].class); // [4]
     show(b);
 
     // This "downcast" works fine:
     Sub[] d2 =
-      Arrays.copyOf(b, b.length, Sub[].class); // (5)
+      Arrays.copyOf(b, b.length, Sub[].class); // [5]
     show(d2);
 
     // Bad "downcast" compiles but throws exception:
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class ArrayCopying {
     Arrays.setAll(b2, Sup::new);
     try {
       Sub[] d3 =
-        Arrays.copyOf(b2, b2.length, Sub[].class); // (6)
+        Arrays.copyOf(b2, b2.length, Sub[].class); // [6]
     } catch(Exception e) {
       System.out.println(e);
     }

arrays/ArraySearching.java

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import static onjava.ArrayShow.*;
 
 public class ArraySearching {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    Rand.int_ rand = new Rand.int_();
-    int[] a = new Rand.int_().array(25);
+    Rand.Pint rand = new Rand.Pint();
+    int[] a = new Rand.Pint().array(25);
     Arrays.sort(a);
     show("Sorted array", a);
     while(true) {

arrays/ComparingArrays.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import onjava.*;
 
 public class ComparingArrays {
   public static final int SZ = 15;
-  static String[][] TwoDArray() {
+  static String[][] twoDArray() {
     String[][] md = new String[5][];
     Arrays.setAll(md, n -> new String[n]);
     for(int i = 0; i < md.length; i++)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public class ComparingArrays {
     System.out.println(
       "a1w == a2w: " + Arrays.equals(a1w, a2w));
 
-    String[][] md1 = TwoDArray(), md2 = TwoDArray();
+    String[][] md1 = twoDArray(), md2 = twoDArray();
     System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(md1));
     System.out.println("deepEquals(md1, md2): " +
       Arrays.deepEquals(md1, md2));

arrays/ModifyExisting.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public class ModifyExisting {
     double[] da = new double[7];
     Arrays.setAll(da, new Rand.Double()::get);
     show(da);
-    Arrays.setAll(da, n -> da[n] / 100); // (1)
+    Arrays.setAll(da, n -> da[n] / 100); // [1]
     show(da);
   }
 }

arrays/ParallelPrefix1.java

@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ import static onjava.ArrayShow.*;
 
 public class ParallelPrefix1 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    int[] nums = new Count.int_().array(10);
+    int[] nums = new Count.Pint().array(10);
     show(nums);
     System.out.println(Arrays.stream(nums)
       .reduce(Integer::sum).getAsInt());
     Arrays.parallelPrefix(nums, Integer::sum);
     show(nums);
     System.out.println(Arrays.stream(
-      new Count.int_().array(6))
+      new Count.Pint().array(6))
       .reduce(Integer::sum).getAsInt());
   }
 }

arrays/ParallelSetAll.java

@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ public class ParallelSetAll {
   static final int SIZE = 10_000_000;
   static void intArray() {
     int[] ia = new int[SIZE];
-    Arrays.setAll(ia, new Rand.int_()::get);
-    Arrays.parallelSetAll(ia, new Rand.int_()::get);
+    Arrays.setAll(ia, new Rand.Pint()::get);
+    Arrays.parallelSetAll(ia, new Rand.Pint()::get);
   }
   static void longArray() {
     long[] la = new long[SIZE];
-    Arrays.setAll(la, new Rand.long_()::get);
-    Arrays.parallelSetAll(la, new Rand.long_()::get);
+    Arrays.setAll(la, new Rand.Plong()::get);
+    Arrays.parallelSetAll(la, new Rand.Plong()::get);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     intArray();

arrays/RaggedArray.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class RaggedArray {
       a[i] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)][];
       for(int j = 0; j < a[i].length; j++) {
         a[i][j] = new int[rand.nextInt(5)];
-        Arrays.setAll(a[i][j], n -> val++); // (1)
+        Arrays.setAll(a[i][j], n -> val++); // [1]
       }
     }
     System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));

arrays/SimpleSetAll.java

@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ public class SimpleSetAll {
     int[] ia = new int[SZ];
     long[] la = new long[SZ];
     double[] da = new double[SZ];
-    Arrays.setAll(ia, n -> n); // (1)
+    Arrays.setAll(ia, n -> n); // [1]
     Arrays.setAll(la, n -> n);
     Arrays.setAll(da, n -> n);
     show(ia);
     show(la);
     show(da);
-    Arrays.setAll(ia, n -> val++); // (2)
+    Arrays.setAll(ia, n -> val++); // [2]
     Arrays.setAll(la, n -> val++);
     Arrays.setAll(da, n -> val++);
     show(ia);
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ public class SimpleSetAll {
     show(da);
 
     Bob[] ba = new Bob[SZ];
-    Arrays.setAll(ba, Bob::new); // (3)
+    Arrays.setAll(ba, Bob::new); // [3]
     show(ba);
 
     Character[] ca = new Character[SZ];
-    Arrays.setAll(ca, SimpleSetAll::getChar); // (4)
+    Arrays.setAll(ca, SimpleSetAll::getChar); // [4]
     show(ca);
   }
 }

arrays/StreamFromArray.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class StreamFromArray {
       .map(ss -> ss + "!")
       .forEach(System.out::println);
 
-    int[] ia = new Rand.int_().array(10);
+    int[] ia = new Rand.Pint().array(10);
     Arrays.stream(ia)
       .skip(3)
       .limit(5)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class StreamFromArray {
     //- Arrays.stream(new float[10]);
 
     // For the other types you must use wrapped arrays:
-    float[] fa = new Rand.float_().array(10);
+    float[] fa = new Rand.Pfloat().array(10);
     Arrays.stream(ConvertTo.boxed(fa));
     Arrays.stream(new Rand.Float().array(10));
   }

arrays/TestConvertTo.java

@@ -8,58 +8,58 @@ import static onjava.ArrayShow.*;
 import static onjava.ConvertTo.*;
 
 public class TestConvertTo {
-  static final int size = 6;
+  static final int SIZE = 6;
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    Boolean[] a1 = new Boolean[size];
+    Boolean[] a1 = new Boolean[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a1, new Rand.Boolean()::get);
     boolean[] a1p = primitive(a1);
     show("a1p", a1p);
     Boolean[] a1b = boxed(a1p);
     show("a1b", a1b);
 
-    Byte[] a2 = new Byte[size];
+    Byte[] a2 = new Byte[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a2, new Rand.Byte()::get);
     byte[] a2p = primitive(a2);
     show("a2p", a2p);
     Byte[] a2b = boxed(a2p);
     show("a2b", a2b);
 
-    Character[] a3 = new Character[size];
+    Character[] a3 = new Character[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a3, new Rand.Character()::get);
     char[] a3p = primitive(a3);
     show("a3p", a3p);
     Character[] a3b = boxed(a3p);
     show("a3b", a3b);
 
-    Short[] a4 = new Short[size];
+    Short[] a4 = new Short[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a4, new Rand.Short()::get);
     short[] a4p = primitive(a4);
     show("a4p", a4p);
     Short[] a4b = boxed(a4p);
     show("a4b", a4b);
 
-    Integer[] a5 = new Integer[size];
+    Integer[] a5 = new Integer[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a5, new Rand.Integer()::get);
     int[] a5p = primitive(a5);
     show("a5p", a5p);
     Integer[] a5b = boxed(a5p);
     show("a5b", a5b);
 
-    Long[] a6 = new Long[size];
+    Long[] a6 = new Long[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a6, new Rand.Long()::get);
     long[] a6p = primitive(a6);
     show("a6p", a6p);
     Long[] a6b = boxed(a6p);
     show("a6b", a6b);
 
-    Float[] a7 = new Float[size];
+    Float[] a7 = new Float[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a7, new Rand.Float()::get);
     float[] a7p = primitive(a7);
     show("a7p", a7p);
     Float[] a7b = boxed(a7p);
     show("a7b", a7b);
 
-    Double[] a8 = new Double[size];
+    Double[] a8 = new Double[SIZE];
     Arrays.setAll(a8, new Rand.Double()::get);
     double[] a8p = primitive(a8);
     show("a8p", a8p);

arrays/TestCount.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a1);
     a1 = new Count.Boolean().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a1);
-    boolean[] a1b = new Count.boolean_().array(SZ + 3);
+    boolean[] a1b = new Count.Pboolean().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a1b);
 
     System.out.println("Byte");
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a2);
     a2 = new Count.Byte().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a2);
-    byte[] a2b = new Count.byte_().array(SZ + 3);
+    byte[] a2b = new Count.Pbyte().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a2b);
 
     System.out.println("Character");
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a3);
     a3 = new Count.Character().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a3);
-    char[] a3b = new Count.char_().array(SZ + 3);
+    char[] a3b = new Count.Pchar().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a3b);
 
     System.out.println("Short");
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a4);
     a4 = new Count.Short().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a4);
-    short[] a4b = new Count.short_().array(SZ + 3);
+    short[] a4b = new Count.Pshort().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a4b);
 
     System.out.println("Integer");
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a5b);
     a5b = new Count.Integer().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a5b);
-    a5 = IntStream.generate(new Count.int_())
+    a5 = IntStream.generate(new Count.Pint())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a5);
-    a5 = new Count.int_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a5 = new Count.Pint().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a5);
 
     System.out.println("Long");
@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a6b);
     a6b = new Count.Long().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a6b);
-    a6 = LongStream.generate(new Count.long_())
+    a6 = LongStream.generate(new Count.Plong())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a6);
-    a6 = new Count.long_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a6 = new Count.Plong().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a6);
 
     System.out.println("Float");
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a7);
     a7 = new Count.Float().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a7);
-    float[] a7b = new Count.float_().array(SZ + 3);
+    float[] a7b = new Count.Pfloat().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a7b);
 
     System.out.println("Double");
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ public class TestCount {
     show(a8b);
     a8b = new Count.Double().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a8b);
-    a8 = DoubleStream.generate(new Count.double_())
+    a8 = DoubleStream.generate(new Count.Pdouble())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a8);
-    a8 = new Count.double_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a8 = new Count.Pdouble().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a8);
   }
 }

arrays/TestRand.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a1);
     a1 = new Rand.Boolean().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a1);
-    boolean[] a1b = new Rand.boolean_().array(SZ + 3);
+    boolean[] a1b = new Rand.Pboolean().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a1b);
 
     System.out.println("Byte");
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a2);
     a2 = new Rand.Byte().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a2);
-    byte[] a2b = new Rand.byte_().array(SZ + 3);
+    byte[] a2b = new Rand.Pbyte().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a2b);
 
     System.out.println("Character");
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a3);
     a3 = new Rand.Character().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a3);
-    char[] a3b = new Rand.char_().array(SZ + 3);
+    char[] a3b = new Rand.Pchar().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a3b);
 
     System.out.println("Short");
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a4);
     a4 = new Rand.Short().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a4);
-    short[] a4b = new Rand.short_().array(SZ + 3);
+    short[] a4b = new Rand.Pshort().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a4b);
 
     System.out.println("Integer");
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a5b);
     a5b = new Rand.Integer().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a5b);
-    a5 = IntStream.generate(new Rand.int_())
+    a5 = IntStream.generate(new Rand.Pint())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a5);
-    a5 = new Rand.int_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a5 = new Rand.Pint().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a5);
 
     System.out.println("Long");
@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a6b);
     a6b = new Rand.Long().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a6b);
-    a6 = LongStream.generate(new Rand.long_())
+    a6 = LongStream.generate(new Rand.Plong())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a6);
-    a6 = new Rand.long_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a6 = new Rand.Plong().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a6);
 
     System.out.println("Float");
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a7);
     a7 = new Rand.Float().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a7);
-    float[] a7b = new Rand.float_().array(SZ + 3);
+    float[] a7b = new Rand.Pfloat().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a7b);
 
     System.out.println("Double");
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ public class TestRand {
     show(a8b);
     a8b = new Rand.Double().array(SZ + 2);
     show(a8b);
-    a8 = DoubleStream.generate(new Rand.double_())
+    a8 = DoubleStream.generate(new Rand.Pdouble())
       .limit(SZ + 1).toArray();
     show(a8);
-    a8 = new Rand.double_().array(SZ + 3);
+    a8 = new Rand.Pdouble().array(SZ + 3);
     show(a8);
 
     System.out.println("String");

arrays/jmh/ParallelSort.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public class ParallelSort {
   private long[] la;
   @Setup
   public void setup() {
-    la = new Rand.long_().array(100_000);
+    la = new Rand.Plong().array(100_000);
   }
   @Benchmark
   public void sort() {

collections/CollectionSequence.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ extends AbstractCollection<Pet> {
   public int size() { return pets.length; }
   @Override
   public Iterator<Pet> iterator() {
-    return new Iterator<Pet>() { // (1)
+    return new Iterator<Pet>() { // [1]
       private int index = 0;
       @Override
       public boolean hasNext() {

collections/Statistics.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public class Statistics {
     for(int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
       // Produce a number between 0 and 20:
       int r = rand.nextInt(20);
-      Integer freq = m.get(r); // (1)
+      Integer freq = m.get(r); // [1]
       m.put(r, freq == null ? 1 : freq + 1);
     }
     System.out.println(m);

control/BreakAndContinue.java

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ import static onjava.Range.*;
 
 public class BreakAndContinue {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // (1)
+    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // [1]
       if(i == 74) break; // Out of for loop
       if(i % 9 != 0) continue; // Next iteration
       System.out.print(i + " ");
     }
     System.out.println();
     // Using for-in:
-    for(int i : range(100)) { // (2)
+    for(int i : range(100)) { // [2]
       if(i == 74) break; // Out of for loop
       if(i % 9 != 0) continue; // Next iteration
       System.out.print(i + " ");
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class BreakAndContinue {
     System.out.println();
     int i = 0;
     // An "infinite loop":
-    while(true) { // (3)
+    while(true) { // [3]
       i++;
       int j = i * 27;
       if(j == 1269) break; // Out of loop

control/ForInFloat.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.util.*;
 public class ForInFloat {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Random rand = new Random(47);
-    float f[] = new float[10];
+    float[] f = new float[10];
     for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
       f[i] = rand.nextFloat();
     for(float x : f)

control/IfElse.java

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ public class IfElse {
   static void test(int testval, int target) {
     if(testval > target)
       result = +1;
-    else if(testval < target) // (1)
+    else if(testval < target) // [1]
       result = -1;
     else
       result = 0; // Match

enums/TrafficLight.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public class TrafficLight {
   Signal color = Signal.RED;
   public void change() {
     switch(color) {
-      // Note that you don't have to say Signal.RED
+      // Note you don't have to say Signal.RED
       // in the case statement:
       case RED:    color = Signal.GREEN;
                    break;

exceptions/CleanupIdiom.java

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class NeedsCleanup2 extends NeedsCleanup {
 
 public class CleanupIdiom {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    // (1):
+    // [1]:
     NeedsCleanup nc1 = new NeedsCleanup();
     try {
       // ...
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class CleanupIdiom {
       nc1.dispose();
     }
 
-    // (2):
+    // [2]:
     // If construction cannot fail you can group objects:
     NeedsCleanup nc2 = new NeedsCleanup();
     NeedsCleanup nc3 = new NeedsCleanup();
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public class CleanupIdiom {
       nc2.dispose();
     }
 
-    // (3):
+    // [3]:
     // If construction can fail you must guard each one:
     try {
       NeedsCleanup2 nc4 = new NeedsCleanup2();

exceptions/StormyInning.java

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ class RainedOut extends StormException {}
 class PopFoul extends Foul {}
 
 interface Storm {
-  public void event() throws RainedOut;
-  public void rainHard() throws RainedOut;
+  void event() throws RainedOut;
+  void rainHard() throws RainedOut;
 }
 
 public
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class StormyInning extends Inning implements Storm {
   public StormyInning()
     throws RainedOut, BaseballException {}
   public StormyInning(String s)
-    throws Foul, BaseballException {}
+    throws BaseballException {}
   // Regular methods must conform to base class:
   //- void walk() throws PopFoul {} //Compile error
   // Interface CANNOT add exceptions to existing

exceptions/StreamsAreAutoCloseable.java

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ public class StreamsAreAutoCloseable {
       Stream<String> in = Files.lines(
         Paths.get("StreamsAreAutoCloseable.java"));
       PrintWriter outfile = new PrintWriter(
-        "Results.txt"); // (1)
+        "Results.txt"); // [1]
     ) {
       in.skip(5)
         .limit(1)
         .map(String::toLowerCase)
         .forEachOrdered(outfile::println);
-    } // (2)
+    } // [2]
   }
 }

files/FileSystemDemo.java

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-// files/File_System.java
+// files/FileSystemDemo.java
 // (c)2016 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
 // We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
 // Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
 import java.nio.file.*;
 
-public class File_System {
+public class FileSystemDemo {
   static void show(String id, Object o) {
     System.out.println(id + ": " + o);
   }

files/Writing.java

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ import java.nio.file.*;
 
 public class Writing {
   static Random rand = new Random(47);
-  static final int sz = 1000;
+  static final int SIZE = 1000;
   public static void
   main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     // Write bytes to a file:
-    byte[] bytes = new byte[sz];
+    byte[] bytes = new byte[SIZE];
     rand.nextBytes(bytes);
     Files.write(Paths.get("bytes.dat"), bytes);
     System.out.println("bytes.dat: " +

functional/AnonymousClosure.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class AnonymousClosure {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     int i = 0;
     // Same rules apply:
     // i++; // Not "effectively final"

functional/BiConsumerPermutations.java

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class BiConsumerPermutations {
   static BiConsumer<Integer, Double> bicid = (i, d) ->
-    System.out.format("%d, %f\n", i, d);
+    System.out.format("%d, %f%n", i, d);
   static BiConsumer<Double, Integer> bicdi = (d, i) ->
-    System.out.format("%d, %f\n", i, d);
+    System.out.format("%d, %f%n", i, d);
   static BiConsumer<Integer, Long> bicil = (i, l) ->
-    System.out.format("%d, %d\n", i, l);
+    System.out.format("%d, %d%n", i, l);
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     bicid.accept(47, 11.34);
     bicdi.accept(22.45, 92);

functional/Closure1.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure1 {
   int i;
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     return () -> x + i++;
   }
 }

functional/Closure2.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure2 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     int i = 0;
     return () -> x + i;
   }

functional/Closure3.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure3 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     int i = 0;
     // Neither x++ nor i++ will work:
     return () -> x++ + i++;

functional/Closure4.java

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure4 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(final int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(final int x) {
     final int i = 0;
     return () -> x + i;
   }

functional/Closure5.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure5 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     int i = 0;
     i++;
     x++;

functional/Closure6.java

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure6 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     int i = 0;
     i++;
     x++;
-    final int i_final = i;
-    final int x_final = x;
-    return () -> x_final + i_final;
+    final int iFinal = i;
+    final int xFinal = x;
+    return () -> xFinal + iFinal;
   }
 }

functional/Closure7.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure7 {
-  IntSupplier make_fun(int x) {
+  IntSupplier makeFun(int x) {
     Integer i = new Integer(0);
     i = i + 1;
     return () -> x + i;

functional/Closure8.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure8 {
-  Supplier<List<Integer>> make_fun() {
+  Supplier<List<Integer>> makeFun() {
     final List<Integer> ai = new ArrayList<>();
     ai.add(1);
     return () -> ai;
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ public class Closure8 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Closure8 c7 = new Closure8();
     List<Integer>
-      l1 = c7.make_fun().get(),
-      l2 = c7.make_fun().get();
+      l1 = c7.makeFun().get(),
+      l2 = c7.makeFun().get();
     System.out.println(l1);
     System.out.println(l2);
     l1.add(42);

functional/Closure9.java

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Closure9 {
-  Supplier<List<Integer>> make_fun() {
+  Supplier<List<Integer>> makeFun() {
     List<Integer> ai = new ArrayList<>();
     ai = new ArrayList<>(); // Reassignment
     return () -> ai;

functional/CtorReference.java

@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ interface Make2Args {
 
 public class CtorReference {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    MakeNoArgs mna = Dog::new; // (1)
-    Make1Arg m1a = Dog::new;   // (2)
-    Make2Args m2a = Dog::new;  // (3)
+    MakeNoArgs mna = Dog::new; // [1]
+    Make1Arg m1a = Dog::new;   // [2]
+    Make2Args m2a = Dog::new;  // [3]
 
     Dog dn = mna.make();
     Dog d1 = m1a.make("Comet");

functional/CurryingAndPartials.java

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ public class CurryingAndPartials {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       // Curried function:
       Function<String, Function<String, String>> sum =
-         a -> b -> a + b; // (1)
+         a -> b -> a + b; // [1]
 
       System.out.println(uncurried("Hi ", "Ho"));
 
       Function<String, String>
-        hi = sum.apply("Hi "); // (2)
+        hi = sum.apply("Hi "); // [2]
       System.out.println(hi.apply("Ho"));
 
       // Partial application:

functional/LambdaExpressions.java

@@ -17,15 +17,15 @@ interface Multi {
 
 public class LambdaExpressions {
 
-  static Body bod = h -> h + " No Parens!"; // (1)
+  static Body bod = h -> h + " No Parens!"; // [1]
 
-  static Body bod2 = (h) -> h + " More details"; // (2)
+  static Body bod2 = (h) -> h + " More details"; // [2]
 
-  static Description desc = () -> "Short info"; // (3)
+  static Description desc = () -> "Short info"; // [3]
 
-  static Multi mult = (h, n) -> h + n; // (4)
+  static Multi mult = (h, n) -> h + n; // [4]
 
-  static Description moreLines = () -> { // (5)
+  static Description moreLines = () -> { // [5]
     System.out.println("moreLines()");
     return "from moreLines()";
   };

functional/MethodReferences.java

@@ -4,44 +4,44 @@
 // Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
 import java.util.*;
 
-interface Callable { // (1)
+interface Callable { // [1]
   void call(String s);
 }
 
 class Describe {
-  void show(String msg) { // (2)
+  void show(String msg) { // [2]
     System.out.println(msg);
   }
 }
 
 public class MethodReferences {
-  static void hello(String name) { // (3)
+  static void hello(String name) { // [3]
     System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
   }
   static class Description {
     String about;
     public Description(String desc) { about = desc; }
-    void help(String msg) { // (4)
+    void help(String msg) { // [4]
       System.out.println(about + " " + msg);
     }
   }
   static class Helper {
-    static void assist(String msg) { // (5)
+    static void assist(String msg) { // [5]
       System.out.println(msg);
     }
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Describe d = new Describe();
-    Callable c = d::show; // (6)
-    c.call("call()"); // (7)
+    Callable c = d::show; // [6]
+    c.call("call()"); // [7]
 
-    c = MethodReferences::hello; // (8)
+    c = MethodReferences::hello; // [8]
     c.call("Bob");
 
-    c = new Description("valuable")::help; // (9)
+    c = new Description("valuable")::help; // [9]
     c.call("information");
 
-    c = Helper::assist; // (10)
+    c = Helper::assist; // [10]
     c.call("Help!");
   }
 }

functional/MultiUnbound.java

@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ class This {
 }
 
 interface TwoArgs {
-  void call2(This _this, int i, double d);
+  void call2(This athis, int i, double d);
 }
 
 interface ThreeArgs {
-  void call3(This _this, int i, double d, String s);
+  void call3(This athis, int i, double d, String s);
 }
 
 interface FourArgs {
   void call4(
-    This _this, int i, double d, String s, char c);
+    This athis, int i, double d, String s, char c);
 }
 
 public class MultiUnbound {
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ public class MultiUnbound {
     TwoArgs twoargs = This::two;
     ThreeArgs threeargs = This::three;
     FourArgs fourargs = This::four;
-    This _this = new This();
-    twoargs.call2(_this, 11, 3.14);
-    threeargs.call3(_this, 11, 3.14, "Three");
-    fourargs.call4(_this, 11, 3.14, "Four", 'Z');
+    This athis = new This();
+    twoargs.call2(athis, 11, 3.14);
+    threeargs.call3(athis, 11, 3.14, "Three");
+    fourargs.call4(athis, 11, 3.14, "Four", 'Z');
   }
 }

functional/ProduceFunction.java

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 import java.util.function.*;
 
 interface
-FuncSS extends Function<String, String> {} // (1)
+FuncSS extends Function<String, String> {} // [1]
 
 public class ProduceFunction {
   static FuncSS produce() {
-    return s -> s.toLowerCase(); // (2)
+    return s -> s.toLowerCase(); // [2]
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     FuncSS f = produce();

functional/SharedStorage.java

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ import java.util.function.*;
 public class SharedStorage {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Closure1 c1 = new Closure1();
-    IntSupplier f1 = c1.make_fun(0);
-    IntSupplier f2 = c1.make_fun(0);
-    IntSupplier f3 = c1.make_fun(0);
+    IntSupplier f1 = c1.makeFun(0);
+    IntSupplier f2 = c1.makeFun(0);
+    IntSupplier f3 = c1.makeFun(0);
     System.out.println(f1.getAsInt());
     System.out.println(f2.getAsInt());
     System.out.println(f3.getAsInt());

functional/Strategize.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public class Strategize {
   Strategy strategy;
   String msg;
   Strategize(String msg) {
-    strategy = new Soft(); // (1)
+    strategy = new Soft(); // [1]
     this.msg = msg;
   }
   void communicate() {
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ public class Strategize {
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Strategy[] strategies = {
-      new Strategy() { // (2)
+      new Strategy() { // [2]
         public String approach(String msg) {
           return msg.toUpperCase() + "!";
         }
       },
-      msg -> msg.substring(0, 5), // (3)
-      Unrelated::twice // (4)
+      msg -> msg.substring(0, 5), // [3]
+      Unrelated::twice // [4]
     };
     Strategize s = new Strategize("Hello there");
     s.communicate();
     for(Strategy newStrategy : strategies) {
-      s.changeStrategy(newStrategy); // (5)
-      s.communicate(); // (6)
+      s.changeStrategy(newStrategy); // [5]
+      s.communicate(); // [6]
     }
   }
 }

functional/UnboundMethodReference.java

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ interface TransformX {
 
 public class UnboundMethodReference {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    // MakeString ms = X::f; // (1)
+    // MakeString ms = X::f; // [1]
     TransformX sp = X::f;
     X x = new X();
-    System.out.println(sp.transform(x)); // (2)
+    System.out.println(sp.transform(x)); // [2]
     System.out.println(x.f()); // Same effect
   }
 }

generics/DogsAndRobotMethodReferences.java

@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@
 import typeinfo.pets.*;
 import java.util.function.*;
 
-class PerformingDog_ extends Dog {
+class PerformingDogA extends Dog {
   public void speak() { System.out.println("Woof!"); }
   public void sit() { System.out.println("Sitting"); }
   public void reproduce() {}
 }
 
-class Robot_ {
+class RobotA {
   public void speak() { System.out.println("Click!"); }
   public void sit() { System.out.println("Clank!"); }
   public void oilChange() {}
 }
 
-class Communicate_ {
+class CommunicateA {
   public static <P> void perform(P performer,
     Consumer<P> action1, Consumer<P> action2) {
     action1.accept(performer);
@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ class Communicate_ {
 
 public class DogsAndRobotMethodReferences {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
-    Communicate_.perform(new PerformingDog_(),
-      PerformingDog_::speak, PerformingDog_::sit);
-    Communicate_.perform(new Robot_(),
-      Robot_::speak, Robot_::sit);
-    Communicate_.perform(new Mime(),
+    CommunicateA.perform(new PerformingDogA(),
+      PerformingDogA::speak, PerformingDogA::sit);
+    CommunicateA.perform(new RobotA(),
+      RobotA::speak, RobotA::sit);
+    CommunicateA.perform(new Mime(),
       Mime::walkAgainstTheWind, Mime::pushInvisibleWalls);
   }
 }

generics/DynamicProxyMixin.java

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ class MixinProxy implements InvocationHandler {
   public MixinProxy(Tuple2<Object, Class<?>>... pairs) {
     delegatesByMethod = new HashMap<>();
     for(Tuple2<Object, Class<?>> pair : pairs) {
-      for(Method method : pair._2.getMethods()) {
+      for(Method method : pair.a2.getMethods()) {
         String methodName = method.getName();
         // The first interface in the map
         // implements the method.
         if(!delegatesByMethod.containsKey(methodName))
-          delegatesByMethod.put(methodName, pair._1);
+          delegatesByMethod.put(methodName, pair.a1);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ class MixinProxy implements InvocationHandler {
   public static Object newInstance(Tuple2... pairs) {
     Class[] interfaces = new Class[pairs.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < pairs.length; i++) {
-      interfaces[i] = (Class)pairs[i]._2;
+      interfaces[i] = (Class)pairs[i].a2;
     }
     ClassLoader cl =
-      pairs[0]._1.getClass().getClassLoader();
+      pairs[0].a1.getClass().getClassLoader();
     return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
       cl, interfaces, new MixinProxy(pairs));
   }

generics/GenericsAndCovariance.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public class GenericsAndCovariance {
     // flist.add(new Fruit());
     // flist.add(new Object());
     flist.add(null); // Legal but uninteresting
-    // We know that it returns at least Fruit:
+    // We know it returns at least Fruit:
     Fruit f = flist.get(0);
   }
 }

generics/Holder.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // (c)2016 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
 // We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
 // Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 public class Holder<T> {
   private T value;
@@ -10,8 +11,14 @@ public class Holder<T> {
   public void set(T val) { value = val; }
   public T get() { return value; }
   @Override
-  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-    return value.equals(obj);
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (o == this) return true;
+    return o instanceof Holder &&
+      Objects.equals(value, ((Holder)o).value);
+  }
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(value);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Holder<Apple> apple = new Holder<>(new Apple());
@@ -32,5 +39,5 @@ public class Holder<T> {
 /* Output:
 java.lang.ClassCastException: Apple cannot be cast to
 Orange
-true
+false
 */

generics/PrimitiveGenericTest.java

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class PrimitiveGenericTest {
       new String[5], new Rand.String(9));
     System.out.println(Arrays.toString(strings));
     int[] integers = FillArray.fill(
-      new int[9], new Rand.int_());
+      new int[9], new Rand.Pint());
     System.out.println(Arrays.toString(integers));
   }
 }

generics/Store.java

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ class Product {
   private String description;
   private double price;
   public
-  Product(int IDnumber, String descr, double price) {
-    id = IDnumber;
+  Product(int idNumber, String descr, double price) {
+    id = idNumber;
     description = descr;
     this.price = price;
     System.out.println(toString());

generics/TupleTest.java

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public class TupleTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Tuple2<String, Integer> ttsi = f();
     System.out.println(ttsi);
-    // ttsi._1 = "there"; // Compile error: final
+    // ttsi.a1 = "there"; // Compile error: final
     System.out.println(g());
     System.out.println(h());
     System.out.println(k());

go.bat

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-gradlew --parallel --daemon run > output.txt 2> errors.txt
-START /min "C:\Program Files\Windows Media Player\wmplayer.exe" %windir%\media\Alarm07.wav
-rem find . -size 0 -type f

hiding/Lunch.java

@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 class Soup1 {
   private Soup1() {}
-  public static Soup1 makeSoup() { // (1)
+  public static Soup1 makeSoup() { // [1]
     return new Soup1();
   }
 }
 
 class Soup2 {
   private Soup2() {}
-  private static Soup2 ps1 = new Soup2(); // (2)
+  private static Soup2 ps1 = new Soup2(); // [2]
   public static Soup2 access() {
     return ps1;
   }

housekeeping/ExplicitStatic.java

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ class Cups {
 public class ExplicitStatic {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     System.out.println("Inside main()");
-    Cups.cup1.f(99);  // (1)
+    Cups.cup1.f(99);  // [1]
   }
-  // static Cups cups1 = new Cups();  // (2)
-  // static Cups cups2 = new Cups();  // (2)
+  // static Cups cups1 = new Cups();  // [2]
+  // static Cups cups2 = new Cups();  // [2]
 }
 /* Output:
 Inside main()

housekeeping/Mugs.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Mug {
 public class Mugs {
   Mug mug1;
   Mug mug2;
-  { // (1)
+  { // [1]
     mug1 = new Mug(1);
     mug2 = new Mug(2);
     System.out.println("mug1 & mug2 initialized");

innerclasses/BigEgg.java

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // (c)2016 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
 // We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
 // Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
-// An inner class cannot be overriden like a method
+// An inner class cannot be overridden like a method
 
 class Egg {
   private Yolk y;

innerclasses/Parcel11.java

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public class Parcel11 {
     @Override
     public int value() { return i; }
   }
-  protected static class ParcelDestination
+  protected static final class ParcelDestination
   implements Destination {
     private String label;
     private ParcelDestination(String whereTo) {

innerclasses/Parcel5.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 public class Parcel5 {
   public Destination destination(String s) {
-    class PDestination implements Destination {
+    final class PDestination implements Destination {
       private String label;
       private PDestination(String whereTo) {
         label = whereTo;

innerclasses/Parcel8.java

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 public class Parcel8 {
   public Wrapping wrapping(int x) {
     // Base constructor call:
-    return new Wrapping(x) { // (1)
+    return new Wrapping(x) { // [1]
       @Override
       public int value() {
         return super.value() * 47;
       }
-    }; // (2)
+    }; // [2]
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     Parcel8 p = new Parcel8();

innerclasses/TestParcel.java

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ class Parcel4 {
     @Override
     public int value() { return i; }
   }
-  protected class PDestination implements Destination {
+  protected final class
+  PDestination implements Destination {
     private String label;
     private PDestination(String whereTo) {
       label = whereTo;

innerclasses/controller/Event.java

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import java.time.*; // Java 8 time classes
 public abstract class Event {
   private Instant eventTime;
   protected final Duration delayTime;
-  public Event(long millisecond_delay) {
-    delayTime = Duration.ofMillis(millisecond_delay);
+  public Event(long millisecondDelay) {
+    delayTime = Duration.ofMillis(millisecondDelay);
     start();
   }
   public void start() { // Allows restarting

interfaces/AbstractAccess.java

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ abstract class AbstractAccess {
   void m3() {}
   abstract void m3a();
   public void m4() {}
-  abstract public void m4a();
+  public abstract void m4a();
 }

interfaces/Applicator.java

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public class Applicator {
     System.out.println("Using Processor " + p.name());
     System.out.println(p.process(s));
   }
-  public static String s =
+  public static final String s =
   "Disagreement with beliefs is by definition incorrect";
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     apply(new Upcase(), s);

interfaces/RandomDoubles.java

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 import java.util.*;
 
 public interface RandomDoubles {
-  Random rand = new Random(47);
-  default double next() { return rand.nextDouble(); }
-  public static void main(String[] args) {
+  Random RAND = new Random(47);
+  default double next() { return RAND.nextDouble(); }
+  static void main(String[] args) {
     RandomDoubles rd = new RandomDoubles() {};
     for(int i = 0; i < 7; i ++)
       System.out.print(rd.next() + " ");

interfaces/RandomWords.java

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ import java.util.*;
 
 public class RandomWords implements Readable {
   private static Random rand = new Random(47);
-  private static final char[] capitals =
+  private static final char[] CAPITALS =
     "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
-  private static final char[] lowers =
+  private static final char[] LOWERS =
     "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".toCharArray();
-  private static final char[] vowels =
+  private static final char[] VOWELS =
     "aeiou".toCharArray();
   private int count;
   public RandomWords(int count) { this.count = count; }
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ public class RandomWords implements Readable {
   public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
     if(count-- == 0)
       return -1; // Indicates end of input
-    cb.append(capitals[rand.nextInt(capitals.length)]);
+    cb.append(CAPITALS[rand.nextInt(CAPITALS.length)]);
     for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-      cb.append(vowels[rand.nextInt(vowels.length)]);
-      cb.append(lowers[rand.nextInt(lowers.length)]);
+      cb.append(VOWELS[rand.nextInt(VOWELS.length)]);
+      cb.append(LOWERS[rand.nextInt(LOWERS.length)]);
     }
     cb.append(" ");
     return 10; // Number of characters appended

interfaces/interfaceprocessor/StringProcessor.java

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ import java.util.*;
 
 interface StringProcessor extends Processor {
   @Override
-  String process(Object input);  // (1)
-  String s = // (2)
+  String process(Object input);  // [1]
+  String S = // [2]
   "If she weighs the same as a duck, she's made of wood";
-  public static void main(String[] args) { // (3)
-    Applicator.apply(new Upcase(), s);
-    Applicator.apply(new Downcase(), s);
-    Applicator.apply(new Splitter(), s);
+  static void main(String[] args) { // [3]
+    Applicator.apply(new Upcase(), S);
+    Applicator.apply(new Downcase(), S);
+    Applicator.apply(new Splitter(), S);
   }
 }
 

onjava/ConvertTo.java

@@ -5,98 +5,98 @@
 package onjava;
 
 public interface ConvertTo {
-  public static boolean[] primitive(Boolean[] in) {
+  static boolean[] primitive(Boolean[] in) {
     boolean[] result = new boolean[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i]; // Autounboxing
     return result;
   }
-  public static char[] primitive(Character[] in) {
+  static char[] primitive(Character[] in) {
     char[] result = new char[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static byte[] primitive(Byte[] in) {
+  static byte[] primitive(Byte[] in) {
     byte[] result = new byte[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static short[] primitive(Short[] in) {
+  static short[] primitive(Short[] in) {
     short[] result = new short[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static int[] primitive(Integer[] in) {
+  static int[] primitive(Integer[] in) {
     int[] result = new int[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static long[] primitive(Long[] in) {
+  static long[] primitive(Long[] in) {
     long[] result = new long[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static float[] primitive(Float[] in) {
+  static float[] primitive(Float[] in) {
     float[] result = new float[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static double[] primitive(Double[] in) {
+  static double[] primitive(Double[] in) {
     double[] result = new double[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
   // Convert from primitive array to wrapped array:
-  public static Boolean[] boxed(boolean[] in) {
+  static Boolean[] boxed(boolean[] in) {
     Boolean[] result = new Boolean[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i]; // Autboxing
     return result;
   }
-  public static Character[] boxed(char[] in) {
+  static Character[] boxed(char[] in) {
     Character[] result = new Character[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Byte[] boxed(byte[] in) {
+  static Byte[] boxed(byte[] in) {
     Byte[] result = new Byte[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Short[] boxed(short[] in) {
+  static Short[] boxed(short[] in) {
     Short[] result = new Short[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Integer[] boxed(int[] in) {
+  static Integer[] boxed(int[] in) {
     Integer[] result = new Integer[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Long[] boxed(long[] in) {
+  static Long[] boxed(long[] in) {
     Long[] result = new Long[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Float[] boxed(float[] in) {
+  static Float[] boxed(float[] in) {
     Float[] result = new Float[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];
     return result;
   }
-  public static Double[] boxed(double[] in) {
+  static Double[] boxed(double[] in) {
     Double[] result = new Double[in.length];
     for(int i = 0; i < in.length; i++)
       result[i] = in[i];

onjava/Count.java

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class boolean_ {
+  public static class Pboolean {
     private boolean b = true;
     public boolean get() {
       b = !b;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class byte_ {
+  public static class Pbyte {
     private byte b;
     public byte get() { return b++; }
     public byte get(int n) { return get(); }
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ public interface Count {
       return primitive(new Byte().array(sz));
     }
   }
-  static final char[] chars =
+  char[] CHARS =
     "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".toCharArray();
   public static class Character
   implements Supplier<java.lang.Character> {
     private int i;
     @Override
     public java.lang.Character get() {
-      i = (i + 1) % chars.length;
-      return chars[i];
+      i = (i + 1) % CHARS.length;
+      return CHARS[i];
     }
     public java.lang.Character get(int n) {
       return get();
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class char_ {
+  public static class Pchar {
     private int i;
     public char get() {
-      i = (i + 1) % chars.length;
-      return chars[i];
+      i = (i + 1) % CHARS.length;
+      return CHARS[i];
     }
     public char get(int n) { return get(); }
     public char[] array(int sz) {
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class short_ {
+  public static class Pshort {
     short s;
     public short get() { return s++; }
     public short get(int n) { return get(); }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class int_ implements IntSupplier {
+  public static class Pint implements IntSupplier {
     int i;
     public int get() { return i++; }
     public int get(int n) { return get(); }
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class long_ implements LongSupplier {
+  public static class Plong implements LongSupplier {
     private long l;
     public long get() { return l++; }
     public long get(int n) { return get(); }
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public class float_ {
+  public class Pfloat {
     private int i;
     public float get() { return i++; }
     public float get(int n) { return get(); }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public interface Count {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public class double_ implements DoubleSupplier {
+  public class Pdouble implements DoubleSupplier {
     private int i;
     public double get() { return i++; }
     public double get(int n) { return get(); }

onjava/HTMLColors.java

@@ -200,33 +200,33 @@ public class HTMLColors {
     show(m, m.size());
   }
   public static
-  void show(List<String> lst, int count) {
+  void show(Collection<String> lst, int count) {
     lst.stream()
       .limit(count)
       .forEach(System.out::println);
   }
-  public static void show(List<String> lst) {
+  public static void show(Collection<String> lst) {
     show(lst, lst.size());
   }
   public static
-  void showrgb(List<Integer> lst, int count) {
+  void showrgb(Collection<Integer> lst, int count) {
     lst.stream()
       .limit(count)
-      .forEach(n -> System.out.format("0x%06X\n", n));
+      .forEach(n -> System.out.format("0x%06X%n", n));
   }
-  public static void showrgb(List<Integer> lst) {
+  public static void showrgb(Collection<Integer> lst) {
     showrgb(lst, lst.size());
   }
   public static
-  void show_inv(Map<String,Integer> m, int count) {
+  void showInv(Map<String,Integer> m, int count) {
     m.entrySet().stream()
       .limit(count)
       .forEach(e ->
         System.out.format(
           "%-20s  0x%06X\n", e.getKey(), e.getValue()));
   }
-  public static void show_inv(Map<String,Integer> m) {
-    show_inv(m, m.size());
+  public static void showInv(Map<String,Integer> m) {
+    showInv(m, m.size());
   }
   public static void border() {
     System.out.println("------------------------------");

onjava/MouseClick.java

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import java.awt.event.*;
 // Default everything except mouseClicked():
 public interface MouseClick extends MouseListener {
     @Override
-    public default void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
+    default void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
     @Override
-    public default void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
+    default void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}
     @Override
-    public default void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}
+    default void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}
     @Override
-    public default void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
+    default void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}
 }

onjava/Rand.java

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import java.util.function.*;
 import static onjava.ConvertTo.*;
 
 public interface Rand {
-  static final int MOD = 10_000;
+  int MOD = 10_000;
   public static class Boolean
   implements Supplier<java.lang.Boolean> {
     SplittableRandom r = new SplittableRandom(47);
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class boolean_ {
+  public static class Pboolean {
     public boolean[] array(int sz) {
       return primitive(new Boolean().array(sz));
     }
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class byte_ {
+  public static class Pbyte {
     public byte[] array(int sz) {
       return primitive(new Byte().array(sz));
     }
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class char_ {
+  public static class Pchar {
     public char[] array(int sz) {
       return primitive(new Character().array(sz));
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class short_ {
+  public static class Pshort {
     public short[] array(int sz) {
       return primitive(new Short().array(sz));
     }
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public interface Rand {
     }
     public java.lang.Integer get(int n) { return get(); }
     public java.lang.Integer[] array(int sz) {
-      int[] primitive = new int_().array(sz);
+      int[] primitive = new Pint().array(sz);
       java.lang.Integer[] result =
         new java.lang.Integer[sz];
       for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class int_ implements IntSupplier {
+  public static class Pint implements IntSupplier {
     SplittableRandom r = new SplittableRandom(47);
     @Override
     public int getAsInt() { return r.nextInt(MOD); }
@@ -127,14 +127,14 @@ public interface Rand {
     }
     public java.lang.Long get(int n) { return get(); }
     public java.lang.Long[] array(int sz) {
-      long[] primitive = new long_().array(sz);
+      long[] primitive = new Plong().array(sz);
       java.lang.Long[] result = new java.lang.Long[sz];
       for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
         result[i] = primitive[i];
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class long_ implements LongSupplier {
+  public static class Plong implements LongSupplier {
     SplittableRandom r = new SplittableRandom(47);
     @Override
     public long getAsLong() {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class float_ {
+  public static class Pfloat {
     public float[] array(int sz) {
       return primitive(new Float().array(sz));
     }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public interface Rand {
     }
     public java.lang.Double get(int n) { return get(); }
     public java.lang.Double[] array(int sz) {
-      double[] primitive = new Rand.double_().array(sz);
+      double[] primitive = new Rand.Pdouble().array(sz);
       java.lang.Double[] result =
         new java.lang.Double[sz];
       for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ public interface Rand {
       return result;
     }
   }
-  public static class double_ implements DoubleSupplier {
+  public static class Pdouble implements DoubleSupplier {
     SplittableRandom r = new SplittableRandom(47);
     @Override
     public double getAsDouble() {
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ public interface Rand {
     SplittableRandom r = new SplittableRandom(47);
     private int strlen = 7; // Default string length
     public String() {}
-    public String(int str_length) {
-      strlen = str_length;
+    public String(int strLength) {
+      strlen = strLength;
     }
     @Override
     public java.lang.String get() {

onjava/Suppliers.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package onjava;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.*;
 import java.util.stream.*;
-import java.util.function.*;
 
 public class Suppliers {
   // Create a collection and fill it:

onjava/Tuple2.java

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 package onjava;
 
 public class Tuple2<A, B> {
-  public final A _1;
-  public final B _2;
-  public Tuple2(A a, B b) { _1 = a; _2 = b; }
-  public String rep() { return  _1 + ", " + _2; }
+  public final A a1;
+  public final B a2;
+  public Tuple2(A a, B b) { a1 = a; a2 = b; }
+  public String rep() { return  a1 + ", " + a2; }
   @Override
   public String toString() {
     return "(" + rep() + ")";

onjava/Tuple3.java

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 package onjava;
 
 public class Tuple3<A, B, C> extends Tuple2<A, B> {
-  public final C _3;
+  public final C a3;
   public Tuple3(A a, B b, C c) {
     super(a, b);
-    _3 = c;
+    a3 = c;
   }
   @Override
   public String rep() {
-    return super.rep() + ", " + _3;
+    return super.rep() + ", " + a3;
   }
 }

onjava/Tuple4.java

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ package onjava;
 
 public class Tuple4<A, B, C, D>
   extends Tuple3<A, B, C> {
-  public final D _4;
+  public final D a4;
   public Tuple4(A a, B b, C c, D d) {
     super(a, b, c);
-    _4 = d;
+    a4 = d;
   }
   @Override
   public String rep() {
-    return super.rep() + ", " + _4;
+    return super.rep() + ", " + a4;
   }
 }

onjava/Tuple5.java

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ package onjava;
 
 public class Tuple5<A, B, C, D, E>
 extends Tuple4<A, B, C, D> {
-  public final E _5;
+  public final E a5;
   public Tuple5(A a, B b, C c, D d, E e) {
     super(a, b, c, d);
-    _5 = e;
+    a5 = e;
   }
   @Override
   public String rep() {
-    return super.rep() + ", " + _5;
+    return super.rep() + ", " + a5;
   }
 }

onjava/atunit/ClassNameFinder.java

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ public class ClassNameFinder {
       int magic = data.readInt();  // 0xcafebabe
       int minorVersion = data.readShort();
       int majorVersion = data.readShort();
-      int constant_pool_count = data.readShort();
-      int[] constant_pool = new int[constant_pool_count];
-      for(int i = 1; i < constant_pool_count; i++) {
+      int constantPoolCount = data.readShort();
+      int[] constantPool = new int[constantPoolCount];
+      for(int i = 1; i < constantPoolCount; i++) {
         int tag = data.read();
         // int tableSize;
         switch(tag) {
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ public class ClassNameFinder {
             throw new RuntimeException("Bad tag " + tag);
         }
       }
-      short access_flags = data.readShort();
-      String access = (access_flags & 0x0001) == 0 ?
+      short accessFlags = data.readShort();
+      String access = (accessFlags & 0x0001) == 0 ?
         "nonpublic:" : "public:";
-      int this_class = data.readShort();
-      int super_class = data.readShort();
+      int thisClass = data.readShort();
+      int superClass = data.readShort();
       return access + classNameTable.get(
-        offsetTable.get(this_class)).replace('/', '.');
+        offsetTable.get(thisClass)).replace('/', '.');
     } catch(IOException | RuntimeException e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(e);
     }
@@ -113,21 +113,21 @@ onjava.BasicSupplier
 onjava.CollectionMethodDifferences
 onjava.ConvertTo
 onjava.Count$Boolean
-onjava.Count$boolean_
+onjava.Count$Pboolean
 onjava.Count$Byte
-onjava.Count$byte_
+onjava.Count$Pbyte
 onjava.Count$Character
-onjava.Count$char_
+onjava.Count$Pchar
 onjava.Count$Double
-onjava.Count$double_
+onjava.Count$Pdouble
 onjava.Count$Float
-onjava.Count$float_
+onjava.Count$Pfloat
 onjava.Count$Integer
-onjava.Count$int_
+onjava.Count$Pint
 onjava.Count$Long
-onjava.Count$long_
+onjava.Count$Plong
 onjava.Count$Short
-onjava.Count$short_
+onjava.Count$Pshort
 onjava.Count
 onjava.CountingIntegerList
 onjava.CountMap
@@ -144,21 +144,21 @@ onjava.Pair
 onjava.ProcessFiles$Strategy
 onjava.ProcessFiles
 onjava.Rand$Boolean
-onjava.Rand$boolean_
+onjava.Rand$Pboolean
 onjava.Rand$Byte
-onjava.Rand$byte_
+onjava.Rand$Pbyte
 onjava.Rand$Character
-onjava.Rand$char_
+onjava.Rand$Pchar
 onjava.Rand$Double
-onjava.Rand$double_
+onjava.Rand$Pdouble
 onjava.Rand$Float
-onjava.Rand$float_
+onjava.Rand$Pfloat
 onjava.Rand$Integer
-onjava.Rand$int_
+onjava.Rand$Pint
 onjava.Rand$Long
-onjava.Rand$long_
+onjava.Rand$Plong
 onjava.Rand$Short
-onjava.Rand$short_
+onjava.Rand$Pshort
 onjava.Rand$String
 onjava.Rand
 onjava.Range

operators/Precedence.java

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 public class Precedence {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;
-    int a = x + y - 2/2 + z;           // (1)
-    int b = x + (y - 2)/(2 + z);       // (2)
+    int a = x + y - 2/2 + z;           // [1]
+    int b = x + (y - 2)/(2 + z);       // [2]
     System.out.println("a = " + a);
     System.out.println("b = " + b);
   }

operators/Underscores.java

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ public class Underscores {
     System.out.println(d);
     int bin = 0b0010_1111_1010_1111_1010_1111_1010_1111;
     System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(bin));
-    System.out.printf("%x\n", bin);
+    System.out.printf("%x%n", bin);
     long hex = 0x7f_e9_b7_aa;
-    System.out.printf("%x\n", hex);
+    System.out.printf("%x%n", hex);
   }
 }
 /* Output:

patterns/PaperScissorsRock.java

@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ class ItemFactory {
   static List<Supplier<Item>> items =
     Arrays.asList(
       Scissors::new, Paper::new, Rock::new);
-  final static int sz = items.size();
+  static final int SZ = items.size();
   private static SplittableRandom rand = new SplittableRandom(47);
   public static Item newItem() {
-    return items.get(rand.nextInt(sz)).get();
+    return items.get(rand.nextInt(SZ)).get();
   }
   public static Tuple2<Item,Item> newPair() {
     return tuple(newItem(), newItem());
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ class ItemFactory {
 
 class Compete {
   public static Outcome match(Tuple2<Item,Item> p) {
-    System.out.print(p._1 + " -> " + p._2 + " : ");
-    return p._1.compete(p._2);
+    System.out.print(p.a1 + " -> " + p.a2 + " : ");
+    return p.a1.compete(p.a2);
   }
 }
 

patterns/ShapeFactory2.java

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.*;
 import java.util.stream.*;
 
-
 class BadShapeCreation extends RuntimeException {
   BadShapeCreation(String msg) {
     super(msg);
@@ -22,8 +21,7 @@ interface Shape {
 abstract class ShapeFactory {
   static Map<String, Supplier<Shape>> factories =
     new HashMap<>();
-  static Shape createShape(String id)
-  throws BadShapeCreation {
+  static Shape createShape(String id) {
     if(!factories.containsKey(id)) {
       try {
         Class.forName(id); // Load dynamically
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ abstract class ShapeFactory {
   }
 }
 
-class Circle implements Shape {
+final class Circle implements Shape {
   private Circle() {}
   public void draw() {
     System.out.println("Circle.draw");
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ class Circle implements Shape {
   }
 }
 
-class Square implements Shape {
+final class Square implements Shape {
   private Square() {}
   public void draw() {
     System.out.println("Square.draw");

patterns/factory/ShapeFactory1.java

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ class BadShapeCreation extends RuntimeException {
 abstract class Shape {
   public abstract void draw();
   public abstract void erase();
-  static Shape factory(String type)
-    throws BadShapeCreation {
+  static Shape factory(String type) {
     switch(type) {
       case "Circle": return new Circle();
       case "Square": return new Square();

patterns/recyclea/RecycleA.java

@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ class TrashFactory {
   static List<Function<Double, Trash>> ttypes =
     Arrays.asList(
       Aluminum::new, Paper::new, Glass::new);
-  final static int sz = ttypes.size();
+  static final int SZ = ttypes.size();
   private static SplittableRandom rand = new SplittableRandom(47);
   public static Trash newTrash() {
     return ttypes
-      .get(rand.nextInt(sz))
+      .get(rand.nextInt(SZ))
       .apply(rand.nextDouble());
   }
 }

patterns/state/StateMachineDemo.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ interface State {
 
 abstract class StateMachine {
   protected State currentState;
-  abstract protected boolean changeState();
+  protected abstract boolean changeState();
   // Template method:
   protected final void runAll() {
     while(changeState()) // Customizable
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class Rinse implements State {
 class Washer extends StateMachine {
   private int i = 0;
   // The state table:
-  private State states[] = {
+  private State[] states = {
     new Wash(), new Spin(),
     new Rinse(), new Spin(),
   };

patterns/visitor/BeeAndFlowers.java

@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ class FlowerFactory {
   static List<Supplier<Flower>> flowers =
     Arrays.asList(Gladiolus::new,
       Renuculus::new, Chrysanthemum::new);
-  final static int sz = flowers.size();
+  static final int SZ = flowers.size();
   private static SplittableRandom rand = new SplittableRandom(47);
   public static Flower newFlower() {
-    return flowers.get(rand.nextInt(sz)).get();
+    return flowers.get(rand.nextInt(SZ)).get();
   }
 }
 

patterns/visualobserver/BoxObserver.java

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class OCBox extends JPanel implements Observer {
   Observable notifier;
   int x, y; // Locations in grid
   Color cColor = newColor();
-  static final Color[] colors = {
+  static final Color[] COLORS = {
     Color.black, Color.blue, Color.cyan,
     Color.darkGray, Color.gray, Color.green,
     Color.lightGray, Color.magenta,
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class OCBox extends JPanel implements Observer {
     Color.white, Color.yellow
   };
   static Color newColor() {
-    return colors[
-      (int)(Math.random() * colors.length)
+    return COLORS[
+      (int)(Math.random() * COLORS.length)
     ];
   }
   OCBox(int x, int y, Observable notifier) {

references/Alias1.java

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ public class Alias1 {
     System.out.println("x: " + x.i);
     System.out.println("y: " + y.i);
     System.out.println("Incrementing x");
-    x.i++; // (2)
+    x.i++; // [2]
     System.out.println("x: " + x.i);
     System.out.println("y: " + y.i);
   }

references/CopyConstructor.java

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class GreenZebra extends Tomato {
 public class CopyConstructor {
   public static void ripen(Tomato t) {
     // Use the "copy constructor":
-    t = new Tomato(t); // (1)
+    t = new Tomato(t); // [1]
     System.out.println("In ripen, t is a " +
       t.getClass().getName());
   }