// exceptions/DynamicFields.java
// (c)2021 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// A Class that dynamically adds fields to itself to
// demonstrate exception chaining

class DynamicFieldsException extends Exception {}

public class DynamicFields {
  private Object[][] fields;
  public DynamicFields(int initialSize) {
    fields = new Object[initialSize][2];
    for(int i = 0; i < initialSize; i++)
      fields[i] = new Object[] { null, null };
  }
  @Override public String toString() {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for(Object[] obj : fields) {
      result.append(obj[0]);
      result.append(": ");
      result.append(obj[1]);
      result.append("\n");
    }
    return result.toString();
  }
  private int hasField(String id) {
    for(int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
      if(id.equals(fields[i][0]))
        return i;
    return -1;
  }
  private int getFieldNumber(String id)
  throws NoSuchFieldException {
    int fieldNum = hasField(id);
    if(fieldNum == -1)
      throw new NoSuchFieldException();
    return fieldNum;
  }
  private int makeField(String id) {
    for(int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
      if(fields[i][0] == null) {
        fields[i][0] = id;
        return i;
      }
    // No empty fields. Add one:
    Object[][] tmp = new Object[fields.length + 1][2];
    for(int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
      tmp[i] = fields[i];
    for(int i = fields.length; i < tmp.length; i++)
      tmp[i] = new Object[] { null, null };
    fields = tmp;
    // Recursive call with expanded fields:
    return makeField(id);
  }
  public Object
  getField(String id) throws NoSuchFieldException {
    return fields[getFieldNumber(id)][1];
  }
  public Object setField(String id, Object value)
  throws DynamicFieldsException {
    if(value == null) {
      // Most exceptions don't have a "cause"
      // constructor. In these cases you must use
      // initCause(), available in all
      // Throwable subclasses.
      DynamicFieldsException dfe =
        new DynamicFieldsException();
      dfe.initCause(new NullPointerException());
      throw dfe;
    }
    int fieldNumber = hasField(id);
    if(fieldNumber == -1)
      fieldNumber = makeField(id);
    Object result = null;
    try {
      result = getField(id); // Get old value
    } catch(NoSuchFieldException e) {
      // Use constructor that takes "cause":
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    fields[fieldNumber][1] = value;
    return result;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    DynamicFields df = new DynamicFields(3);
    System.out.println(df);
    try {
      df.setField("d", "A value for d");
      df.setField("number", 47);
      df.setField("number2", 48);
      System.out.println(df);
      df.setField("d", "A new value for d");
      df.setField("number3", 11);
      System.out.println("df: " + df);
      System.out.println("df.getField(\"d\") : "
        + df.getField("d"));
      Object field =
        df.setField("d", null); // Exception
    } catch(NoSuchFieldException |
            DynamicFieldsException e) {
      e.printStackTrace(System.out);
    }
  }
}
/* Output:
null: null
null: null
null: null

d: A value for d
number: 47
number2: 48

df: d: A new value for d
number: 47
number2: 48
number3: 11

df.getField("d") : A new value for d
DynamicFieldsException
        at
DynamicFields.setField(DynamicFields.java:64)
        at DynamicFields.main(DynamicFields.java:96)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
        at
DynamicFields.setField(DynamicFields.java:66)
        ... 1 more
*/