// lowlevel/BankTellerSimulation.java
// (c)2016 MindView LLC: see Copyright.txt
// We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.
// Visit http://OnJava8.com for more book information.
// Using queues and multithreading
// {java BankTellerSimulation 5}
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.*;

// Read-only objects don't require synchronization:
class Customer {
  private final int serviceTime;
  public Customer(int tm) { serviceTime = tm; }
  public int getServiceTime() { return serviceTime; }
  public String toString() {
    return "[" + serviceTime + "]";
  }
}

// Teach the customer line to display itself:
class CustomerLine extends ArrayBlockingQueue<Customer> {
  public CustomerLine(int maxLineSize) {
    super(maxLineSize);
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    if(this.size() == 0)
      return "[Empty]";
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for(Customer customer : this)
      result.append(customer);
    return result.toString();
  }
}

// Randomly add customers to a queue:
class CustomerSupplier implements Runnable {
  private CustomerLine customers;
  private static SplittableRandom rand = new SplittableRandom(47);
  public CustomerSupplier(CustomerLine cq) {
    customers = cq;
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    try {
      while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(300));
        customers.put(new Customer(rand.nextInt(1000)));
      }
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println("CustomerSupplier interrupted");
    }
    System.out.println("CustomerSupplier terminating");
  }
}

class Teller implements Runnable, Comparable<Teller> {
  private static int counter = 0;
  private final int id = counter++;
  // Customers served during this shift:
  private int customersServed = 0;
  private CustomerLine customers;
  private boolean servingCustomerLine = true;
  public Teller(CustomerLine cq) { customers = cq; }
  public void run() {
    try {
      while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
        Customer customer = customers.take();
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(
          customer.getServiceTime());
        synchronized(this) {
          customersServed++;
          while(!servingCustomerLine)
            wait();
        }
      }
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
    }
    System.out.println(this + "terminating");
  }
  public synchronized void doSomethingElse() {
    customersServed = 0;
    servingCustomerLine = false;
  }
  public synchronized void serveCustomerLine() {
    assert !servingCustomerLine:
      "already serving: " + this;
    servingCustomerLine = true;
    notifyAll();
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "Teller " + id + " ";
  }
  public String shortString() { return "T" + id; }
  // Used by priority queue:
  public synchronized int compareTo(Teller other) {
    return customersServed < other.customersServed ? -1 :
      (customersServed == other.customersServed ? 0 : 1);
  }
}

class TellerManager implements Runnable {
  private ExecutorService exec;
  private CustomerLine customers;
  private PriorityQueue<Teller> workingTellers =
    new PriorityQueue<>();
  private Queue<Teller> tellersDoingOtherThings =
    new LinkedList<>();
  private int adjustmentPeriod;

  public TellerManager(ExecutorService e,
    CustomerLine customers, int adjustmentPeriod) {
    exec = e;
    this.customers = customers;
    this.adjustmentPeriod = adjustmentPeriod;
    // Start with a single teller:
    Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
    exec.execute(teller);
    workingTellers.add(teller);
  }
  public void adjustTellerNumber() {
    // This is actually a control system. By adjusting
    // the numbers, you can reveal stability issues in
    // the control mechanism.
    // If line is too long, add another teller:
    if(customers.size() / workingTellers.size() > 2) {
        // If tellers are on break or doing
        // another job, bring one back:
        if(tellersDoingOtherThings.size() > 0) {
          Teller teller =
            tellersDoingOtherThings.remove();
          teller.serveCustomerLine();
          workingTellers.offer(teller);
          return;
        }
      // Else create (hire) a new teller
      Teller teller = new Teller(customers);
      exec.execute(teller);
      workingTellers.add(teller);
      return;
    }
    // If line is short enough, remove a teller:
    if(workingTellers.size() > 1 &&
      customers.size() / workingTellers.size() < 2)
        reassignOneTeller();
    // If there is no line, we only need one teller:
    if(customers.size() == 0)
      while(workingTellers.size() > 1)
        reassignOneTeller();
  }
  // Give a teller a different job or a break:
  private void reassignOneTeller() {
    Teller teller = workingTellers.poll();
    teller.doSomethingElse();
    tellersDoingOtherThings.offer(teller);
  }
  @Override
  public void run() {
    try {
      while(!Thread.interrupted()) {
        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(adjustmentPeriod);
        adjustTellerNumber();
        System.out.print(customers + " { ");
        for(Teller teller : workingTellers)
          System.out.print(teller.shortString() + " ");
        System.out.println("}");
      }
    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println(this + "interrupted");
    }
    System.out.println(this + "terminating");
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() { return "TellerManager "; }
}

public class BankTellerSimulation {
  static final int MAX_LINE_SIZE = 50;
  static final int ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD = 1000;
  public static void
  main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    // If line is too long, customers will leave:
    CustomerLine customers =
      new CustomerLine(MAX_LINE_SIZE);
    es.execute(new CustomerSupplier(customers));
    // Manager will add and remove tellers as necessary:
    es.execute(new TellerManager(
      es, customers, ADJUSTMENT_PERIOD));
    if(args.length > 0) // Optional argument
      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(new Integer(args[0]));
    else {
      System.out.println("Press 'Enter' to quit");
      System.in.read();
    }
    es.shutdownNow();
  }
}
/* Output:
[768][193][807][125] { T1 T0 }
[125][634][682][267][954][506][639][213] { T2 T0 T1 }
[213][592][770][919][552][727][998][902] { T2 T0 T1 }
[552][727][998][902][769][373][313][683][177][526] { T3 T2
T1 T0 }
TellerManager interrupted
Teller 3 interrupted
CustomerSupplier interrupted
Teller 3 terminating
Teller 2 interrupted
Teller 2 terminating
TellerManager terminating
Teller 1 interrupted
Teller 0 interrupted
Teller 0 terminating
Teller 1 terminating
CustomerSupplier terminating
*/